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Oceanologica Acta
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Oceanologica Acta
Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
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Causes of long-term changes in Aegean sea deep water

Authors: Boscolo, R.; Bryden, H.;

Causes of long-term changes in Aegean sea deep water

Abstract

[FR] Des observations récentes de l’eau profonde nouvellement formée en mer Égée permettent de déterminer si son origine est locale, suite à l’action combinée de l’évaporation nette et de la transformation hivernale de la masse d’eau. Les détournements des cours de rivières en Russie et en Égypte depuis les années cinquante ont en effet accru l’évaporation nette dans le bassin oriental de la Méditerranée. Des profils historiques montrent que les eaux intermédiaires de basse salinité séparent les masses d’eaux profonde et supérieure en mer Égée depuis les années 1961–1962. L’utilisation d’un modèle simple de couche de mélange où une évaporation nette de 10 cm·an–1 a été appliquée aux conditions hydrologiques observées en mars 1962 conduit à une diminution graduelle des eaux intermédiaires de basse salinité. Après 25 ans, ces eaux intermédiaires de basse salinité disparaissent, ce qui est en accord avec les observations réalisées en septembre 1987. Si l’on continue le forçage du modèle avec la même évaporation et en tenant compte des anomalies mensuelles des échanges de chaleur et d’eau douce depuis mars 1987, l’eau profonde « nouvelle » pourrait avoir été formée dès mars 1988. Avec ce modèle, des événements majeurs assurant la formation de l’eau profonde apparaissent. Durant les hivers rigoureux de 1991–1992 et de 1992–1993, des eaux profondes plus salées et notablement plus froides furent ainsi formées. L’accroissement de l’évaporation nette accroît progressivement la salinité et réduit la stratification en mer Égée jusqu’à ce qu’un hiver rigoureux entraîne une convection profonde et la formation d’une nouvelle eau de fond.

[EN] Recent observations of newly formed deep water in the Aegean sea prompts this analysis of whether such deep water could be formed locally by the combination of an increase in net evaporation and wintertime water mass transformation. River diversion projects in Russia and Egypt since the 1950s have effectively increased the amount of net evaporation over the eastern Mediterranean basin. Historical profiles show that low salinity intermediate waters separated the deep and upper waters in the Aegean in 1961–1962. Within a simple mixed layer model, imposing a small net evaporation of 10 cm·yr–1 on the observed hydrographic conditions in March 1962 results in the gradual erosion of the low salinity intermediate waters. After 25 years, the low salinity intermediate waters are absent in agreement with observations made in September 1987. Continuing to force the model with the small net evaporation and with monthly heat and freshwater exchange anomalies from March 1987, new deep water could have been formed as early as March 1988. In the model, major deep water formation events occurred during the severe winters of 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 resulting in the formation of saltier and notably colder deep waters. The effective increase in net evaporation slowly increases the salinity and decreases the stratification in the Aegean sea until a severe winter leads to deep convection and new bottom water formation.

This work has been carried out as part of the James Rennell Division’s research programme ‘Observing and modelling seasonal to decadal change in the ocean’ which is primarily supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council

9 páginas, 5 figuras, 1 tabla

Peer reviewed

Countries
France, United Kingdom
Keywords

550, CIRCULATION, Air-sea interactions, 551, échanges océan-atmosphère, Formation d’eau profonde, Budget hydrologique, Aegean Sea, DEEP WATER FORMATION, hydrological budget, deep water formation, Échanges océan-atmosphère, AEGEAN SEA, Mediterranean circulation, Mer Égée, AIR SEA INTERACTION, mer Égée, budget hydrologique, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, Hydrological budget, Circulation en Méditerranée, Aegean sea, Deep water formation, circulation en Méditerranée, air-sea interaction, formation d’eau profonde

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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