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handle: 10261/5502
[ES] La inundación de minas abandonadas puede dar lugar a impactos importantes en la calidad del agua subterránea. Por lo tanto, predecir la evolución de la calidad del agua es un tema clave para la gestión medioambiental. La mina Los Ratones es una mina de uranio subterránea, que fue abandonada e inundada en 1974. Gracias al ambiente reductor del subsuelo, la concentración de uranio en el agua es muy baja, pero algunos puntos muestran concentraciones importantes de hierro y arsénico. En el marco de los trabajos previos a una estrategia de remedio, se ha realizado un modelo de transporte de solutos reactivos, que comprende la mina y su entorno. Los resultados de los cálculos se han comparado con los análisis de aguas subterráneas recogidas en puntos seleccionados. Según los cálculos, las reacciones entre el agua y la roca que tienen lugar en las galerías de la mina llevan a un agotamiento rápido del oxígeno, las reacciones apenas progresan y las concentraciones de solutos resultantes son muy inferiores a las medidas en los sondeos. Por el contrario, las reacciones de meteorización que tienen lugar en la zona no saturada del granito encajante producen una disolución mineral importante y las concentraciones de solutos, el pH y el Eh resultantes son muy semejantes a los medidos. Por lo tanto, los modelos que se están usando comúnmente, y que están basados en las reacciones que tienen lugar en las galerías inundadas subestiman claramente el impacto de las mineralizaciones en el agua subterránea. Estos modelos deberían considerar también los procesos que tienen lugar en la superficie de la roca encajante.
[EN] Flooding of abandoned mines may have a major impact in groundwater quality. Predicting the long-term evolution of the water quality is, therefore, a relevant matter for environmental management. The Ratones uranium mine was abandoned and flooded in 1974. Due to its reducing underground environment uranium concentration is very low, although some points show high concentration in Fe and As. Within the works prior to a remediation strategy, reactive transport modelling were performed of the mine and surrounding groundwater system. The results of the calculations were compared with analyses of groundwater samples collected in selected points. Modelling based on water-rock reactions taking place only in the mine galleries indicates the rapid exhaustion of dissolved oxygen and predicts solute concentrations that are much lower than those measured in the boreholes. In contrast, modelling that includes weathering processes taking place in the unsaturated zone of the surrounding rock indicates high dissolution of minerals (even if present in small amounts) and concentrations of solutes and values of pH and redox potential that better match the measured values. Therefore, current models based only on water-rock reactions in the walls of the mine galleries may clearly underestimate the impact of mineralization in groundwater, and processes taking place in the shallow surrounding rock must also be considered.
The research carried on in Ratones mine has been funded by ENRESA (Spanish Company for Nuclear Waste Disposal). The modeling calculations have been performed with the code RETRASO, developed under the sponsorship of ENRESA. The original manuscript has been improved with the comments by I. Puigdomènech and A. Bath. The authors are also very grateful to Pedro Rivas for many years of fruitful collaboration.
Peer reviewed
Granite hydrochemistry, Mine water, Hidroquímica de granito, Ratones mine, Uranium, Reactive transport, Agua de mina, Mina Los Ratones, Uranio, Transporte reactivo
Granite hydrochemistry, Mine water, Hidroquímica de granito, Ratones mine, Uranium, Reactive transport, Agua de mina, Mina Los Ratones, Uranio, Transporte reactivo
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