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Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval
Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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La explotación de la mano de obra esclava en el Mediterráneo cristiano bajomedieval desde el observatorio catalano-aragonés

Authors: Salicrú Lluch, Roser;

La explotación de la mano de obra esclava en el Mediterráneo cristiano bajomedieval desde el observatorio catalano-aragonés

Abstract

En tierras cristianas, la esclavitud medieval fue fundamentalmente un fenómeno urbano y mediterráneo que se difundió a partir de mediados del siglo XIV, tras la Peste Negra. Desde entonces, el perfil del esclavo-cautivo musulmán previamente dominante se diluyó, en beneficio de los esclavos y esclavas de procedencia oriental que invadieron de forma masiva los mercados de los grandes puertos mercantiles. Actualmente, se ha podido demostrar que, en las ciudades donde el fenómeno tuvo más impacto, los esclavos y esclavas estuvieron en manos de propietarios de cualquier sector socio-profesional no marginal. En cambio, se ha prestado poca atención a la inserción social y laboral del esclavo y ha tendido a asociarse demasiado mecánicamente el perfil de los propietarios de esclavos al aprovechamiento de la fuerza de trabajo servil. Los propietarios de esclavos no los concibieron estricta ni necesariamente como mano de obra a su servicio: tanto a través de su cesión a terceros como asalariados y de la capitalización de sus jornales, como mediante su redención por medio del sistema de la talla (que podía duplicar o incluso cuadriplicar el precio de compra y aseguraba una renta a los antiguos propietarios), la adquisición de un esclavo era una inversión rentable y amortizable a corto plazo. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de evidencias directas, sonsacadas de libros de obra de arquitectura civil y eclesiástica y de fuentes contables de la construcción naval, que ponen de manifiesto que el aprovechamiento asalariado de la mano de obra servil masculina fue mucho más generalizado de lo que las fuentes mayormente empleadas para el estudio de la esclavitud medieval en tierras cristianas (notariales) habían dejado entrever. En ocasiones, pueden documentarse auténticas brigadas de esclavos asalariados que realizan tareas no especializadas y que precisan del uso de la fuerza bruta. Los hombres esclavos fueron explotados, fundamentalmente, para la realización de este tipo de tareas. Las mujeres esclavas, en cambio, tuvieron una adscripción mayormente doméstica y, a menudo, aunque no exclusivamente, fueron objeto de explotación o de aprovechamiento sexual por parte de su entorno.In Christian countries, mediaeval slavery was fundamentally an urban and Mediterranean phenomenon that spread from the middle of the 14th century, after the Black Death. From that time on, the previously predominant profile of the Muslim slave-captive became diluted, in favour of slaves from the East that flooded into the markets of the major commercial ports. It has now been possible to demonstrate that, in the cities where the phenomenon made most impact, the slaves were in the hands of owners from all kinds of nonmarginal socio-professional sectors. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the social and labour insertion of the slave and the profile of the slave owners has tended to be associated too mechanically with the use of the strength of slave labour. Owners of slaves did not conceive of them either strictly or necessarily as manual labour at their service: through loaning them out to third parties as wage earners, and the capitalization of their day’s work, and through their redemption via the system of the talla (which could double or even quadruple the purchase price and assured the previous owners a rent), the acquisition of a slave was a profitable investment, redeemable in the short term. This study focuses on the analysis of direct evidence, gleaned from civil and ecclesiastical architecture building log books and from naval construction accounting sources, which clearly show that the salaried use of male slave labour was far more widespread than we had been led to believe by the (notarial) sources used mostly for studying mediaeval slavery in Christian territories. Occasionally, authentic brigades of wageearning slaves can be documented doing unspecialized jobs requiring the use of brute force. Male slaves were exploited, fundamentally, for these kinds of jobs. Female slaves, on the other hand, were in the main assigned to the home and they were often, although not exclusively, the subject of sexual exploitation or use by people close to them.

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Spain
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Work, Edad Media, Slavery, D111-203, History (General), Corona de Aragón, Mediterranean, trabajo, Crown of Aragon, esclavitud, Trabajo, D, D1-2009, Medieval history, History (General) and history of Europe, Middle Ages, Mediterráneo, Esclavitud

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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