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Part of book or chapter of book . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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Interacciones entre la vegetación y la erosión hídrica

Authors: García-Fayos, P.;

Interacciones entre la vegetación y la erosión hídrica

Abstract

[ES]Interacciones entre la vegetación y la erosión hídrica. La eliminación de la vegetación es la principal causa de degradación del suelo y de la pérdida de su capacidad de tolerar la erosión en el bosque y matorral mediterráneos. Y esto es así porque el suelo queda desnudo y sufre las consecuencias del impacto de las gotas de lluvia y del aumento de la escorrentía, produciéndose una pérdida neta de suelo y de su capacidad de mantener la vida. Cada suelo, en función de sus características, de su localización en el paisaje y del régimen climático, posee un umbral crítico de equilibrio entre la erosión que soporta y la vegetación que puede mantener. Si se sobrepasa, el sistema entra en una espiral de disminución de la cobertura vegetal y aumento de la erosión que puede conducirle a un estado irreversible de desertificación. La erosión hídrica se puede considerar una fuerza ecológica que influye sobre la composición de la vegetación y su patrón espacial al producir el desarraigo de plantas y el arrastre de semillas y modificar las propiedades del suelo. Con la agudización de los procesos de erosión, la cobertura vegetal y la diversidad disminuyen. Las escasas plantas que se desarrollan son un subconjunto de las que ya aparecen en zonas cercanas menos degradadas. Sin embargo, aumenta la proporción de especies que presentan características funcionales que les confieren mayor resistencia a los procesos erosivos y a sus consecuencias. El planeamiento y ejecución de planes de gestión del bosque y matorral mediterráneo, como repoblaciones, limpiezas del matorral, fuegos prescrito y construcción de pistas y carreteras, debe tener en cuenta sus consecuencias sobre la estabilidad de las laderas y sobre el suelo. Si dichas acciones desencadenan procesos de erosión agudos, pueden comprometer inclusive su finalidad, que no debe ser otra que la conservación del suelo, agua y seres vivos.

[EN]Interactions between vegetation and soil erosion. When the vegetation is removed, then the soil surface is affected by the impacts of rainfall drops and water runoff grows up, increasing soil erosion and then decreasing the ability of soil for maintain life. In Mediterranean conditions, each soil in a slope can reach a stable equilibrium between erosion rates and vegetation development depending on the characteristics of the soil, its position on the slope and on climatic characteristics. If the balance between soil erosion and vegetation is broken down, then the system makes unstable and comes on a feedback of erosion increase-vegetation loss to an irreversible stage of desertification. Soil erosion by water produces plant and seed losses. On the other hand, soil erosion affects important soil surface properties for plant establishment and development, such as soil water and nutrient reserves. Then, soil erosion by water must be considered an ecological driving force affecting composition and spatial pattern in plant communities. When soil erosion increases, then the vegetal cover decreases and diminishes the number of species living in. The set of plant species than the can found in the areas with increasing erosion is a subset of the pre-existent flora. However, when erosion increases there is also an increase in the proportion of species that have functional traits conferring them resistance to soil erosion. The design and performance of have into management actions in Mediterranean forests and shrublands such as forestation, forest cut and clearing, prescribed fires, forest tracks and roads, etc. need to be in account their potential negative effects on slope stability, vegetation and soil. These actions could produce an increase in water runoff and soil erosion with future consequences on the composition and structure of the vegetation.

A Esther Bochet y Adolfo Calvo, por las críticas y sugerencias al manuscrito. A Esther Bochet, Artemi Cerdà y Noelia Garrigós por permitirme usar datos e información suya no publicada todavía y a Jordi García-Fayos y Cota Marqués por su ayuda con las figuras y la edición de las mismas.

26 páginas, 10 figuras, 1 tabla, 3 cuadros. -- Editor: Valladares, F.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, Deforestación, Cambio climático, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15, Desertificación, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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