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Efectos de dos insecticidas de síntesis y de dos bio-insecticidas sobre el defoliador del eucalipto "Gonipterus scutellatus" Gyllenhal y su agente de control biológico "Anaphes nitens" Girault

Authors: Santolamazza Carbone, Serena; Fernández de Ana Magán, F. J.;

Efectos de dos insecticidas de síntesis y de dos bio-insecticidas sobre el defoliador del eucalipto "Gonipterus scutellatus" Gyllenhal y su agente de control biológico "Anaphes nitens" Girault

Abstract

[ES] Se han integrado los resultado de experimentos realizados en el laboratorio y en el monte para averiguar la toxicidad de cuatro insecticidas: flufenoxuron, etofenprox, azadiractina y Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, sobre adultos, larvas y puestas del defoliador del eucalipto Gonipterus scutellatus y sobre los adultos de su agente de control biológico Anaphes nitens. En el laboratorio se midió el efecto mediante la exposición de los sujetos experimentales a hojas de Eucalyptus globulus previamente tratadas y la aplicación tópica de 1 ul de cada insecticida sobre las puestas. Los resultados indican que B. thuringiensis no ha tenido ningún efecto sobre la plaga ni sobre los parasitoides adultos. Azadiractina ha mostrado un efecto larvicida por ingestión y contacto (72.5% de mortalidad después de 7 días). El resultado más contundente lo ha provocado etofenprox, con el 100% de mortalidad de adultos y larvas de G. scutellatus a las 24 horas y el 93.1% de tasa de mortalidad de las puestas. A los 7 días, flufenoxuron ha producido una tasa de mortalidad de los adultos del 92.5% y del 100% de las larvas. En el laboratorio sólo etofenprox y flufenoxuron han incrementado la tasa de mortalidad de A. nitens (en ambos casos 97.5% a las 48 horas). En el monte se han aplicado los cuatro insecticidas en tres localidades, efectuándose un muestreo preliminar antes del tratamiento y al 7.°, 14." y 30.° día. En cada muestreo se evaluó la tasa de parasitismo de las puestas de G. scutellatus y la abundancia de adultos, larvas y puestas. De los cuatro insecticidas sólo flufenoxuron y etofenprox han conseguido contener la población de la plaga, aunque etofenprox ha sido el único que también ha disminuido de manera significativa la tasa de parasitismo de las puestas a los siete días del tratamiento. En vista del desarrollo de un plan de lucha integrada contra G. scutellatus, flufenoxuron parece ser el producto más apropiado.

[EN] We have combined the results of experiments done in the laboratory and in the field to evaluate the toxicity of four insecticides: flufenoxuron, ethofenprox, azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki on the eucalyptus snout-beetle Gonipterus scutellatus and its natural enemy Anaphes nitens. Adults and larvae of G. scutellatus and adults of A. nitens were exposed to treated leaves of Eucalyptus globulus in the laboratory. The weevil egg-capsules were treated topically applying 1 ul droplets of each insecticide on the surface. B. thuringiensis showed no activity against the different stages of the pest, or the adult parasitoids. Azadirachtin acted as a larvicide by ingestión (72.5% of mortality after 7 days). Ethofenprox showed the highest toxicity in all the experimental groups. It determined 100% of mortality of adults and larvae of G. scutellatus after 24 h and 93.1% of mortality rate of the egg-capsules. On the last day of observation, flufenoxuron provoked 92.5% of adult mortality and 100% of larval mortality. In the laboratory, only ethofenprox and flufenoxuron have adversely affected A. nitens (97.5% mortality after 48 h.). The field experiment was done on three localities, with a preliminary sampling, and three samplings after the applications of the products, on the 7th, 14th and 30th day. In each sampling we evaluated parasitism rate and the abundance of adults, larvae and egg-capsules. Only fluenoxuron and ethofenprox reduced the pest population, but ethofenprox also significantly decreased parasitism rate after seven days. Considering the possible development of an integrated pest management plan, we suggest that flufenoxuron is the most appropriate product to be used in association with the natural enemy.

Este estudio ha sido financiado por Agrodan S.A, Agrichem S.A., BASF, ENCE, y Reboreda S.L.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Etofenprox, Eucalyptus globulus, Ethofenprox, Azadiractina, Anaphes nitens, Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Flufenoxuron, Integrated pest management, Lucha integrada, Gonipterus scutellatus, Parasitoide, Parasitoid

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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