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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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Activación de cenizas volantes para retención de gases contaminantes

Authors: Juan Mainar, Roberto; Querol, Xavier; Alastuey, Andrés; Andrés Gimeno, José Manuel; Hernández, Susana; Ferrer Gómez, Pedro;

Activación de cenizas volantes para retención de gases contaminantes

Abstract

[ES] Se han estudiado las zeolitas sintetizadas a partir de cenizas volantes, mediante activación alcalina y calentamiento por vía hidrotermal o con microondas, con el objeto de evaluar su posible utilización como adsorbentes de gases contaminantes tales como CO2, SO2 Y NH3. Las cenizas volantes contienen un alto contenido en aluminosilicatos en su composición, por lo que pueden constituir una materia prima para llevar a cabo la síntesis de zeolitas, consiguiéndose en el mejor de los casos eficacias del 75%. Los tipos de zeolitas obtenidos por el método convencional y por microondas fueron muy similares, habiéndose sintetizado zeolitas sódicas y potásicas como Analcima, Sodalita, Linde F. NaPl, KM y Chabazita, dependiendo de los parámetros de síntesis (tiempo, temperatura y concentración y naturaleza del agente activante). La principal diferencia entre ambos métodos es el tiempo de activación necesario que se reduce considerablemente usando microondas hasta 30 minutos frente a las 24-48 h en el calentamiento convencional. Las zeolitas fueron previamente activadas a 473 K con la finalidad de eliminar parte del agua de constitución que contienen pero sin alterar su estructura, facilitando de este modo la posible adsorción gaseosa. Los experimentos de adsorción se llevaron a cabo a presión atmosférica, haciendo pasar mezclas de cada gas en Helio sobre la muestra y utilizando temperaturas de 195 K para CO2, 263 K para SO2 y 250 K para NH3. Las desorciones fueron realizadas a temperatura ambiente. Se ha estudiado también el efecto que produce el intercambio de Na+ de una zeolita (NaPl) por NH4 + en cuanto a la modificación de la capacidad de retención de gases. La capacidad de retención de gases fue baja para todas las zeolitas ensayadas. En las condiciones de trabajo utilizadas, únicamente la superficie externa de la zeolita es aprovechada para la adsorción. En general las zeolitas sintetizadas mediante microondas muestran mayor capacidad de retención de gases que las sintetizadas mediante el método convencional.

[EN] Zeolites synthesized from fly ash by Hydrothermal Activation and Microwave Assistance were studied to evaluate their utilization as sorbents of pollutant gases like CO2, SO2, NH3. Fly ash have a high alumino-silicate content in its composition that makes it a good starting material to synthesize zeolites, getting efficiencies about 75%. Zeolites obtained by Hydrothermal Activation and Microwave Assistance were very similar. Depending on the synthesis parameters - reaction time, temperature and activation solution concentration- the following zeolites were obtained: Analcime, Sodalite, F-Linde, NaPl-zeolite and Chabazite. Synthesis yields and zeolite types obtained from the microwave and conventional experiments were very similar, but the activation time needed was drastically reduced by using microwaves (from 24-48 h to 10-30 min). The zeolitic material was previously activated at 473 K to remove the hydratation water and facilitate the gas adsorption. The adsorption experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure by flowing a mixture of every gas in He through the sample. The adsorption temperatures were 195 K (CO2), 263 K (SO2) and 250 K (NH3). The desorption experiments were made at room temperature. Finally, the effect of the substitution of Na+ by NH4+ in the NaPl-zeolite in the adsorption capacity was studied. The adsorption capacities obtained for all the samples were low. Only external surface of the zeolites was reached in the working conditions. In general, samples synthesized by microwave assistance showed more adsorption capacity than those synthesized by conventional methods.

Los autores desean agradecer a la Comisión Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) y a la Comisión Europea para el Carbón y el Acero (CECA) las subvenciones económicas recibidas a través de los Proyectos AMB95-0198 y 7220-ED-079 respectivamente, para la realización de este trabajo.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Cenizas volantes, NH3, CO2, SO2, Zeolita

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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