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Doctoral thesis . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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Depuración de efluentes contaminados por hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos mediante carbones activados: evaluación del proceso de adsorción

Authors: Cabal Álvarez, Belén;

Depuración de efluentes contaminados por hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos mediante carbones activados: evaluación del proceso de adsorción

Abstract

[ES] Los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) constituyen un grupo de compuestos que presentan una amplia distribución en el medio ambiente, y que han sido catalogados como sustancias peligrosas por sus propiedades cancerígenas y mutagénicas. Debido a su baja biodegradabilidad, una de las técnicas más eficaces para su eliminación en fase acuosa es la adsorción en materiales de elevada área superficial, tales como los carbones activados. Si bien el tratamiento de aguas residuales con elevada carga contaminante constituye una de las principales áreas de expansión en la utilización de carbones activados, aún se desconocen muchos aspectos en procesos de adsorción de moléculas complejas -tales como los HAP- , relacionados con las propiedades de estos adsorbentes y su capacidad de eliminación de contaminantes. Esta información podría ser de gran utilidad para posteriores aplicaciones de estos materiales en procesos de depuración de aguas residuales. En el presente trabajo se ha evaluado la eficacia de los métodos de adsorción sobre carbones activados para la eliminación de HAP presentes en agua. Para tal fin, se ha realizado un análisis exhaustivo de las características, tanto químicas como texturales, de los carbones activados antes y después de la adsorción de estos compuestos, con vistas a elucidar los distintos factores que se ven implicados en el proceso de adsorción. Asimismo, se han realizado diversos tratamientos de oxidación con diferentes agentes oxidantes, con objeto de investigar el papel de los grupos funcionales de los carbones. Los resultados experimentales han puesto de manifiesto que en el proceso de adsorción de HAP, tanto las características del adsorbato, como del adsorbente son de gran importancia; las capacidades de adsorción no sólo dependen de las características texturales de los carbones activados sino también de sus propiedades químicas. Tanto la afinidad del contaminante orgánico por el medio en el que se encuentra disuelto, como el posible efecto competitivo del disolvente por los centros activos de adsorción, y la accesibilidad de los componentes de la disolución a la porosidad del carbón activado, son factores clave para entender el proceso global de adsorción.

[EN] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) constitute an important class of highly toxic environmental pollutants. As a consequence of their low biodegradability, adsorption on activated carbon is nowadays one of the most attractive techniques for the removal of PAH from wastewater. Despite having been the subject of plentiful studies in the literature, investigation of the rate and mechanisms of the adsorption process itself and the role of the characteristics of the adsorbent are still ambiguous and remain unclear. In this work, the performance of carbon adsorbents as a media for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal has been studied. To attain this goal, an exhaustive analysis of the chemical and textural characteristics of the selected activated carbon was carried out, in order to throw some light on the forces involved in the adsorption process. Moreover, the role of the functionalities of activated carbons on the adsorption was explored by evaluating adsorbents with similar porosity and different surface chemistry. The results confirmed that adsorption depended strongly on the pore-size distribution of the adsorbent, with micropores being the active sites for adsorption. However, the adsorption behaviour should not be exclusively linked to the porosity of the carbons, functionalization of the carbon surface strongly influenced the overall adsorption capacity of carbons. Adsorbents with a higher non-polar character have to be more efficient for PAH adsorption. This behaviour has been linked to the presence of dispersive interactions between the basal planes and the polyaromatic structure of the hydrocarbon. The interaction of the organic compound with the carbon sites is highly dependent on the solvent affinity for these active sites, as the competitive adsorption of the solvent becomes important. However, one must also take into account the dimensions of the molecules, and therefore the accessibility to the porosity of the adsorbents.

Tesis doctoral presentada en el Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica de la Universidad de Oviedo. 2009. Tutor de la tesis: José Rubén García Menéndez

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Spain
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Keywords

Contamination, Contaminación, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Adsorption, Adsorcion, Carbones activos, Hidrocarburos aromáticos, Activated carbons

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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