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Aplicación de la técnica de 137Cs para evaluar la erosión en la Cuenca del Río Abdelali (Norte de Marruecos)

Authors: Navas Izquierdo, Ana; Falehb, Ali; Bouhlassa, Saidati; Sadiki, Abdelhamid; Aboutaher, A.;

Aplicación de la técnica de 137Cs para evaluar la erosión en la Cuenca del Río Abdelali (Norte de Marruecos)

Abstract

[ES] En el territorio del Rif del Norte de Marruecos, la erosión del suelo amenaza seriamente la sostenibilidad de agroecosistemas y paisajes. En este ambiente mediterráneo de marcado relieve, el clima semiárido de las zonas bajas y el predominio de margas y calizas sobre las que se desarrollan suelos eminentemente frágiles, determinan que el impacto antropogénico derivado del intenso uso del suelo junto con la deforestación sean los principales factores desencadenantes de la erosión del suelo. En este trabajo se utiliza el radiotrazador 1 3 7Cs para identificar las áreas fuente de sedimentos y cuantificar la pérdida de suelo en la cuenca del Abdelali, que reúne una diversidad fisiográfica representativa de este territorio del Rif. Se han muestreado suelos en diversos emplazamientos con distintos usos y pendientes. Las pérdidas del radioisótopo con respecto al inventario de referencia de la zona indican que los suelos cultivados son los más erosionados, y que la pérdida de suelo fértil es mayor en las más altas pendientes (42 t/ha/año). Por el contrario, en las zonas de matorral denso y bosque, por este orden, se registran condiciones mayores de estabilidad con mínima a nula erosión. La intensidad del movimiento del suelo se refleja en la acumulación de material que se registra al pie de las vertientes donde se ha medido ganancia de 1 3 7Cs, pero muy especialmente en el pequeño dique de retención cuya total colmatación se ha producido de forma extremadamente rápida tan sólo cinco años después de su construcción. La gravedad de la erosión en este territorio requiere implementar medidas de conservación y manejo sostenible del suelo.

[EN] In the Rif, Northern Morocco, the severity of soil erosion threatens the sustainability of landscapes and agroecosystems. The climatic, lithologic and edaphic factors determine the fragility of this Mediterranean environment and the antrohopic impact due to intensive soil use, grazing and deforestation are the main factors causing important soil losses. In the Abdelali catchment, fallout 1 3 7Cs is used to identify the main areas supplying sediment and to quantify soil erosion under different soil uses and slopes. The highest losses of 1 3 7Cs, compared to the reference inventory, are found in the steepest cultivated soils where erosion rates reach 42 t/ha/year, followed by matorral areas scarcely vegetated. More stable soil conditions and less erosion are found in more densely vegetated shrubs and forests. Soil movement in the catchment is very intense and particles accumulate at the lower part of the hillslopes, where 1 3 7Cs gain has been measured. T h e magnitude of erosion is reflected by the total siltation of the small dam at the catchment outlet, occurred shortly after it was build. The severity of soil erosion in the area requires to establish strategies for soil conservation.

Este ha sido realizado en el marco de un proyecto de investigación conjunto (2003MA0019) entre el CSIC y el CRPST.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Factores, Usos del suelo, Rif, 137Cs, erosión, usos del suelo, factores, Factors, Erosión, Artículos de Investigación, Morocco, Marruecos, Soil erosion, Soil use

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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