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handle: 10261/43636
[FR]Ce travail analyse la dynamique temporelle des composantes du bilan hydrique du sol dans une zone de recharge représentative de la Sierra de Gador (Almeria, SE de l'Espagne) pendant deux années hydrologiques. Deux approches ont été utilisées pour estimer la recharge potentielle journalière (RP): dans l'approche 1, RP est calculée à partir de la différence entre les mesures de pluie (P) et d'évapotranspiration réelle (E) obtenues par la méthode de la covariance turbulente; dans l'approche 2, RP est obtenue à partir de l'humidité du sol (θ) mesurée à deux profondeurs dans les sols peu profonds du site (épaisseur moyenne de 0.35 m). Pendant l'année hydrologique 2003/04, légèrement plus sèche que la moyenne des 30 années précédentes, E atteint 64% des précipitations et se répartit essentiellement à la fin du printemps et au début de l'été. La RP estimée par l'approche 1 vaut 181 ± 18 mm an-1 (36% des précipitations), suggérant qu'il existe une recharge de nappe effective dans le site d'étude. Pendant l'année hydrologique 2004/2005, inhabituellement sèche, E vaut approximativement 215 mm an-1, proche de la pluviosité annuelle, engendrant une faible RP (8 ± 12 mm an-1) selon l'approche 1. L'approche 2 donne des estimations de RP inférieures à celles de l'approche 1, parce que l'approche 2 ne considére pas la recharge à travers les chemins d'écoulement préférentiels (fractures, joints et fissures) non mesurée par les sondes d'humidité du sol. De plus, l'estimation de RP avec l'approche 2 diffère largement selon l'échelle temporelle considérée: avec des donnés journalières moyennes de θ, l'estimation de RP est inférieures, en particulier à la fin du printemps, tandis que les donnés de θ de résolution 30 minutes engendrent une prévision plus fiable de la fraction de la RP liée à la circulation descendante gravitaire de l'eau du sol.
[EN]This paper analyses the temporal dynamics of soil water balance components in a representative recharge area of the Sierra de Gádor (Almeria, southeastern Spain) in two hydrological years. Two approaches are used to estimate daily potential recharge (PR): Approach 1 based on deriving PR from the water balance as the difference between measurements of rainfall (P) and actual evapotranspiration (E) obtained by eddy covariance; and Approach 2 with PR obtained from the dynamic pattern of the soil moisture (θ) recorded at two depths in the site's thin soil (average 0.35 m thickess). For the hydrological year 2003/04, which was slightly drier than the 30-year average, E accounted for 64% of rainfall and occurred mainly in late spring and early summer. The PR estimated by Approach 1 was 181 ± 18 mm year-1 (36% of rainfall), suggesting an effective groundwater recharge in the study area. In the unusually dry hydrological year 2004/05, E was about 215 mm year-1, close to the annual rainfall input, and allowing very little (8 ± 12 mm year-1) PR according to Approach 1. Estimation of PR based on Approach 2 resulted in PR rates lower than those found by Approach 1, because Approach 2 does not take into account the recharge that occurs through preferential flow pathways (cracks, joints and fissures) which were not monitored with the θ probes. Moreover, using Approach 2, the PR estimates differed widely depending on the time scale considered: with daily mean θ data, PR estimation was lower, especially in late spring, while θ data at 30 min resolution yielded a more reliable prediction of the fraction of total PR resulting from the downward movement of soil water by gravity.
Peer reviewed
Evapotranspiration, Soil moisture, Mediterranean, Sierra de Gádor, Potential recharge, Soil water balance
Evapotranspiration, Soil moisture, Mediterranean, Sierra de Gádor, Potential recharge, Soil water balance
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