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Preventing Benzoquinone‐Based Catalyst Aggregation Enables the One‐Step Synthesis of Highly Conductive Poly(benzodifurandione) without Post‐Reaction Purification

Authors: Huang, Jun‐Da; Li, Qifan; Wang, Qingqing; Liu, Tiefeng; Jeong, Sang Young; Paleti, Sri Harish Kumar; van der Pol, Tom P. A.; +14 Authors

Preventing Benzoquinone‐Based Catalyst Aggregation Enables the One‐Step Synthesis of Highly Conductive Poly(benzodifurandione) without Post‐Reaction Purification

Abstract

AbstractConductive polymers have become crucial in advancing various electronic applications. While p‐type materials like poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are widely used and produced at scale, the development of high‐performance n‐type polymers has lagged due to challenges in synthesis and scalability. In this work, a novel method is introduced to synthesize the highly conductive n‐type polymer poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO) using α‐tocopherylquinone (α‐TQ) as a catalyst. This approach eliminates the need for post‐reaction dialysis, a major obstacle to large‐scale PBFDO production. By preventing catalyst aggregation, high electrical conductivity (>1320 S cm−1) is achieved, which remains stable in air for over 180 d, significantly simplifying the process. The α‐TQ‐synthesized PBFDO also exhibits excellent thermoelectric properties, with a power factor exceeding 100 µW m−1 K−2, placing it among the highest‐performing n‐type thermoelectric polymers. Additionally, residual α‐TQ acts as a plasticizer, reducing the elastic modulus by over tenfold while maintaining high conductivity, making this material suitable for mechanically compliant electronics. Similarly, residual α‐TQ lowers the thermal conductivity of PBFDO by more than an order of magnitude. The process is scalable, as demonstrated by producing high‐conductivity ink in a 20 L reactor. This work presents an efficient and sustainable approach for large‐scale n‐type polymer production.

Countries
Spain, Sweden
Keywords

n-type conductive polymers, PBFDO, catalyst aggregation; n-type conductive polymers; PBFDO; scalable synthesis; thermoelectric properties, Polymer Chemistry, thermoelectric properties, n‐type conductive polymers, catalyst aggregation, Thermoelectric properties, Polymerkemi, scalable synthesis, Scalable synthesis, Catalyst aggregation, Research Article

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid