
handle: 10261/389996 , 10261/287431
Se analizan las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes desde perspectivas históricas y contemporáneas, destacando su impacto profundo en la salud global y las estructuras sociales. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha transformado la percepción de epidemias históricas, como la Peste Negra (1348) y la gripe española de 1918, subrayando la vulnerabilidad humana ante patógenos novedosos. El optimismo de los años 70 sobre la erradicación de enfermedades infecciosas—impulsado por avances en vacunas y antibióticos—fue desafiado por brotes como el ébola, el VIH/sida y el SARS, revelando deficiencias en la preparación global. El autor resalta respuestas institucionales de la OMS y los CDC, incluyendo iniciativas como el enfoque "Una sola salud", que vincula salud humana, animal y ambiental. No obstante, desafíos sistémicos como el cambio climático, urbanización, desigualdad social y desarrollo insostenible exacerban la aparición de enfermedades. El artículo critica políticas neoliberales y aboga por estrategias sanitarias equitativas, cooperación internacional reforzada y replantear modelos económicos para abordar crisis interconectadas. Futuras pandemias exigen vigilancia proactiva, sistemas sanitarios robustos y priorizar comunidades marginadas para mitigar riesgos sistémicos.
This article examines emerging infectious diseases through historical and contemporary perspectives, emphasizing their profound impact on global health and societal structures. The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped perceptions of historical epidemics, such as the Black Death (1348) and the 1918 Spanish flu, underscoring humanity’s vulnerability to novel pathogens. The 1970s optimism about eradicating infectious diseases—fueled by advances in vaccines and antibiotics—was challenged by outbreaks like Ebola, HIV/AIDS, and SARS, revealing gaps in global preparedness. The author highlights institutional responses by entities like the WHO and CDC, including initiatives such as the "One Health" approach, which links human, animal, and environmental health. However, systemic challenges, including climate change, urbanization, social inequality, and unsustainable development, exacerbate disease emergence. The article critiques neoliberal policies and calls for equitable public health strategies, strengthened international cooperation, and rethinking economic models to address interconnected crises. It stresses that future pandemics demand proactive surveillance, robust healthcare systems, and prioritizing marginalized communities to mitigate systemic risks.
Emerging infectious diseases, Historical epidemiology, COVID-19 pandemic, Global health governance, One Health approach.
Emerging infectious diseases, Historical epidemiology, COVID-19 pandemic, Global health governance, One Health approach.
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