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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2024
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
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Accretion onto WD 2226-210, the central star of the Helix Nebula

Authors: S Estrada-Dorado; M A Guerrero; J A Toalá; R F Maldonado; V Lora; D A Vasquez-Torres; Y -H Chu;

Accretion onto WD 2226-210, the central star of the Helix Nebula

Abstract

ABSTRACT The central star of the Helix Nebula, WD 2226$-$210 presents enigmatic hard X-ray emission and mid-IR excess. The latter has been attributed to a dusty disc or a cloud-like structure around WD 2226$-$210 formed from material of Kuiper Belt-like or comet-like objects in highly eccentric orbits. We present here a detailed analysis of multi-epoch Chandra and XMM–Newton X-ray observations of WD 2226$-$210, comparing these to previous Einstein and ROSAT data. The luminosity of the hard X-ray component of WD 2226$-$210 has remained basically constant in the decade from 1992 to 2002, with very subtle evidence for variability in time-scales of hours. Under the assumption that the X-ray emission from WD 2226$-$210 is due to accretion of material, an accretion rate of $\dot{M}\approx 10^{-10}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ is estimated. The origin of the material accreted by WD 2226$-$210 is uncertain, and can be attributed to the disc-like structure around it or to a substellar donor companion. The accretion rate proposed for the continuous replenishment by bombardment of the mid-IR-emitting structure around WD 2226$-$210 cannot match that required by the X-ray emission.

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Spain
Keywords

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Stars: evolution, X-rays: individual: WD 2226−210, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Planetary nebulae: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Stars: winds, outflows, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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