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Nanometalogenia de metales críticos

Authors: González-Jiménez, José María; Ferreira, Amira Rosa; González-Pérez, Igor; Schettino, Erwin; Yesares, Lola; Marchesi, Claudio; Gervilla, Fernando;

Nanometalogenia de metales críticos

Abstract

En el sistema métrico decimal, el prefijo nano (símbolo n) refiere a un billón (i.e., factor de 10-9), mientras que en la física y la ingeniería aplica a aquellas partículas que tienen una o más dimensiones, con tamaños que oscilan entre 1 y 100 nm (10-9 a 10-7 m). En el campo de la geología económica, los nanomateriales incluyen agrupaciones de átomos, nanopartículas minerales (NPs, cuando estas existen también a mayores tamaños), nanominerales (cuando solamente existen en este rango de tamaños nanométricos), nanofluidos y nanofundidos. En la última década, el advenimiento de una nueva generación de métodos analíticos nos ha permitido una caracterización más fina de la composición química y estructura de todos estos tipos de nanomateriales en depósitos minerales, cubriendo un vacío de conocimiento que existe en los estudios de metalogenia clásicos, focalizados canónicamente en la distribución y génesis de los depósitos minerales en las escalas regional y global. En esta contribución se revisan los avances más recientes en el floreciente campo de la nanometalogenia, mostrando el papel clave que éstos tienen en el transporte y deposición de metales críticos en sistemas minerales formadores de yacimientos en los ambientes magmáticos, hidrotermales y supergénicos. La nueva información e interpretaciones derivadas que se aportan se revisan en términos de: (1) una mejor compresión de cómo llegan a formarse depósitos minerales de interés económico, tanto en el manto superior como en la corteza, (2) una exploración y explotación más eficiente de los metales valiosos que estos contienen.

[EN]The prefix nano- in the metric system (symbol n) denotes to one-billionth (i.e., a factor of 10−9), while in physics and engineering it applies to particles with one or more dimensions from 1 to 100 nm (10-9 to 10-7 m). In the field of economic geology, nanomaterials may include atomic clusters, mineral nanoparticles (NPs, when they also exist in larger micrometer-scale sizes), nanominerals (only existing within this size range), nanofluids and nanomelts. In the last decade, with the advent of new generation of analytical methods we are now able to finely characterize chemically and structurally all these types of nanomaterials in mineral deposits, filling knowledge gaps in classical metallogeny studies, canonically focused on the distribution and genesis of mineral deposits at regional-to-global scales. In this communication, we will summarize the most recent advances on the new blooming field of nanometallogeny, showing that these materials may play a key role in critical metal transport and deposition in ore-forming mineral systems within the magmatic, hydrothermal and supergene environment. The new information and interpretation reviewed is highlighted in terms of: (1) better understanding on how economically interesting mineral deposits form in the Earth's upper mantle and crust, (2) more efficient exploration and beneficiation of these valuable metals.

Comunicación oral presentada en XI Congreso Geológico de España, Ávila del 2 al 6 de julio 2024

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Nanociencia, Metales críticos, Magmático, Hidrotermal, Supergénico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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