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Ex ante Evaluation of a Multi-Level Governance Cap Strategic Plan for Farmland Bird Conservation

Authors: Pérez Pozuelo, Pablo; Concepción, Elena D.; Azcárate, Francisco M.; Bota, Gerard; Brotons, Lluís; García, Daniel; Giralt, David; +13 Authors

Ex ante Evaluation of a Multi-Level Governance Cap Strategic Plan for Farmland Bird Conservation

Abstract

[ES] Atenuar el declive de las aves agrarias es uno de los objetivos de la nueva Política Agraria Común (PAC) 2023-2027. Para ello, los planes estratégicos de los Estados miembros deben incluir medidas específicas dentro de su Arquitectura Verde (condicionalidad reforzada, eco-regímenes y ayudas de desarrollo rural) para abordar este objetivo, cuya efectividad debe ser evaluada directamente. Mediante una evaluación ex-ante, examinamos si las medidas incluidas en el plan estratégico español de la PAC (PEPAC) para favorecer a las aves agrarias podrían potencialmente alcanzar su objetivo. España alberga una gran riqueza de aves agrarias y el conocimiento acerca de sus requerimientos de hábitat y sus respuestas a las prácticas agrarias ha sido recientemente revisado. hemos analizado las medidas del PEPAC que explícitamente abordan la conservación de las aves agrarias y evaluado si cada una de estas medidas aborda sus requerimientos de forma completa, parcial o nula. hemos estimado el porcentaje de requerimientos de las aves agrarias satisfechos por el PEPAC para cada comunidad autónoma (en España, las medidas de desarrollo rural dependen de las comunidades autónomas, mientras que la condicionalidad y los eco-regímenes dependen del gobierno nacional). hemos evaluado 204 medidas, tres de la condicionalidad reforzada y una de los eco-regímenes, siendo las restantes 200 medidas de desarrollo rural. El porcentaje de requerimientos de las aves abordados por la condicionalidad y los eco-regímenes es del 60 % y del 50 %, respectivamente. El porcentaje de requerimientos abordados por las medidas de desarrollo rural es en promedio un 17 %, que resulta al combinar los porcentajes obtenidos para las distintas medidas y agrosistemas en que se aplican. En total, la efectividad potencial de las medidas de la Arquitectura Verde varía entre un 31% y un 42 % entre comunidades autónomas. Concluimos que el PEPAC español podría mejorarse sustancialmente para revertir el declive de las aves agrarias. Además, las medidas incluidas en los tres componentes de la Arquitectura Verde de la PAC y en distintos niveles de gobernanza (nacional y autonómico) no se han integrado para alcanzar el umbral del 10 % de hábitats seminaturales establecido por la evidencia científica, lo que dificulta el objetivo de lograr una complejidad del paisaje suficiente que asegure la conservación de las aves agrarias.

[EN] Curbing farmland bird decline is one of the environmental goals of the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023-2027. Member State Strategic Plans must include specific measures within their Green Architecture (enhanced conditionality, eco-schemes and rural development interventions) to address this goal, whose effectiveness must be tested directly. We evaluated whether interventions included in the Spanish CAP Strategic Plan (PEPAC) to favour farmland birds would reach its goal by means of an ex ante evaluation. Spain is a stronghold for farmland birds in Europe and knowledge of their habitat requirements and responses to agricultural management has been reviewed recently. We analysed interventions included in the PEPAC to explicitly favour farmland birds and evaluated whether each of these interventions would address bird requirements fully, partially or not at all. We estimated the proportion of requirements fulfilled by the PEPAC for each Spanish Autonomous Region (in Spain, rural development interventions depend on regional governments, while conditionality and eco-schemes depend on the central government). We evaluated 204 interventions, three of them included in the enhanced conditionality pack, one in the eco-schemes pack and the remaining 200 in the rural development packs. The proportions of farmland bird requirements considered by the conditionality and eco-schemes were 60% and 50%, respectively. The proportion of requirements considered by rural development interventions averaged 17% when proportions reached by interventions developed for each agrosystem and Autonomous Region were combined. Combined ex ante evaluations of the three elements of the Green Architecture thus ranged between 31% and 42% among Autonomous Regions. We conclude that the Spanish PEPAC falls short of the ambition to achieve effective halting of farmland bird declines. Furthermore, interventions included within the three elements of the CAP’s Green Architecture and among governance levels (central and regional governments) were not integrated to reach the minimum 10% threshold of uncultivated habitats established by current knowledge, thus hampering the general goal of supporting agricultural landscapes complex enough to ensure farmland bird conservation.

This paper is a contribution to the Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI) AGRIAMBIO (pti-agriambio.csic.es). The Platform is partially financed by the contract between CSIC and the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ‘Seguimiento y evaluación con base científica del Plan Estratégico de la Política Agrícola Común 2023-2027 de España’ (BOE 272 de 12-11-2022, pp. 154761-154769). P.P. received a CSIC JAE-Intro scholarship while writing this paper.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Spain, Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), Agrosystems, Biodiversity, Conservation, CAP Green Architecture, CAP reform

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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