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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2024
License: CC BY NC ND
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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
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Estructuras 3D de carbón poroso obtenidas a partir de lactosuero: procesos de fabricación y aplicaciones

Authors: Llamas Unzueta, Raúl;

Estructuras 3D de carbón poroso obtenidas a partir de lactosuero: procesos de fabricación y aplicaciones

Abstract

[ES] El lactosuero presenta una serie de características que hacen posible la obtención de piezas con morfologías controladas, bien sea a través de la sinterización del lactosuero en polvo o a partir de pastas acuosas. Los métodos por los cuales pueden fabricarse estas piezas incluyen el moldeo, la mecanización y diferentes técnicas de fabricación aditiva, como la sinterización selectiva por láser y la impresión directa de tintas. Esas piezas pueden convertirse en estructuras de carbón poroso mediante procesos de carbonización y activación. Durante el tratamiento térmico, el lactosuero mantiene un comportamiento termoestable y, por tanto, las piezas finales de carbón poroso mantienen la misma morfología que la pieza de lactosuero. La única deformación que sufren durante este proceso es una contracción isotrópica de magnitud conocida, por lo que se puede controlar con gran precisión el tamaño exacto de las piezas finales de carbón. Las estructuras de carbón poroso de lactosuero son materiales altamente porosos, con una porosidad jerárquica en la que están incluidos microporos, mesoporos y macroporos. Tienen un contenido en N significativo. Dependiendo del contenido en materia mineral del lactosuero de partida, las estructuras carbonizadas presentan un contenido en cenizas variable, que puede ser rebajado o eliminado de forma sencilla mediante lavados ácidos. Sin embargo, su cualidad más reseñable es que las piezas de carbón poroso de lactosuero presentan valores muy altos de resistencia mecánica, medida mediante ensayos de resistencia a la abrasión, a la flexión y a la compresión. La libertad de diseño geométrico de estas estructuras permite su uso en aplicaciones novedosas hasta ahora inéditas en el campo de los carbones porosos como, por ejemplo, el desarrollo de andamios óseos en ingeniería de tejidos. En ingeniería química se pueden aplicar en intensificación de procesos mediante la fabricación de agitadores catalíticos o la fabricación de reactores continuos de carbón poroso con geometrías optimizadas. Además, el lactosuero puede combinarse con otros materiales en polvo para la obtención de materiales compuestos, o utilizarse como ligante para la fabricación de extruidos de carbón activado. De esta manera es posible llegar a una valorización a gran escala del lactosuero líquido, el cual acarrea grandes problemas de gestión medioambiental, ofreciendo una alternativa sostenible y económica al uso de ligantes tradicionales como la brea o la bentonita.

[EN] Whey properties enable the fabrication of pieces with controlled morphologies, either by whey powder sintering or through whey aqueous pastes. Methods for manufacturing these pieces include moulding, machining, and various additive manufacturing techniques such as Selective Laser Sintering and Direct Ink Writing. These pieces can be transformed into porous carbon structures through carbonisation and activation processes. During the thermal treatment, whey behaves as a thermoset polymer, i.e., the final porous carbon pieces retain the same morphology than the whey piece. The only deformation they undergo during this process is an isotropic contraction, hence allowing for precise control over the exact size of the final carbon pieces. Porous carbon structures derived from whey are highly porous materials, exhibiting a hierarchical porosity that includes micropores, mesopores, and macropores. They possess a significant N content. Depending on the mineral content of the starting whey, the carbonised structures may contain a different amount of ashes, which can be easily reduced or eliminated through acid washes. However, their most notable characteristic is their remarkably high mechanical strength, as determined in attrition resistance, flexural, and compression tests. The freedom in the geometric design of these structures allows for their utilisation in innovative applications previously unseen in the porous carbons field. For instance, they have been used as bone scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. In chemical engineering, they are expected to contribute to process intensification through the fabrication of catalytic stirrers or the production of continuous porous carbon reactors with optimised geometries. Furthermore, whey can be combined with other powdered materials to obtain composite materials, or used as a binder for the production of activated carbon extrudates. This approach enables a large-scale valorisation of liquid whey, which presents significant environmental management challenges, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional binders such as pitch or bentonite.

Tesis doctoral defendida en la Universidad de Oviedo, mayo de 2024

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Técnicas de fabricación, Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation, Lactosuero, Carbones porosos, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9, Escala nanométrica

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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