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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2016
License: CC BY NC ND
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Doctoral thesis . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para el tratamiento de infecciones por adenovirus: síntesis y evaluación de pequeñas moléculas antivirales

Authors: Martínez Aguado, Pablo;

Nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para el tratamiento de infecciones por adenovirus: síntesis y evaluación de pequeñas moléculas antivirales

Abstract

El adenovirus humano (HAdV) es un patógeno oportunista común raramente relacionado con sintomatología grave en individuos inmunocompetentes. Sin embargo, en pacientes immunocomprometidos como los receptores de trasplantes de órgano sólido o de progenitores hematopoyéticos su incidencia se ha incrementado en los últimos años. La creciente implementación de tratamientos inmunosupresores ha provocado, principalmente en los pacientes pediátricos, un aumento en la incidencia de infecciones provocadas por HAdV, con una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad asociada. Además, con los avances en las técnicas de diagnóstico molecular, cada vez se han detectado más HAdV involucrados en casos esporádicos y brotes graves de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos sanos. Puesto que no existe un tratamiento específico aprobado por las Autoridades Sanitarias para el tratamiento de infecciones por HAdV, en este trabajo se presenta la síntesis, evaluación biológica, y las relaciones estructura-actividad de una nueva biblioteca de pequeñas moléculas como el primer paso en el desarrollo de un medicamento específico para el tratamiento de las infecciones por HAdV. Basándonos en el hecho de que los derivados de la piperazina han demostrado ser una fuente efectiva para la generación de compuestos antivirales con diversos mecanismos de acción, se diseñaron y sintetizaron, siguiendo una metodología sencilla y de alto rendimiento, tres nuevas generaciones de derivados de 4-acil-1-fenilaminocarbonil-2-metilpiperazina y 4-acil-1-fenilaminocarbonil-2-fenilpiperazina. Los ensayos biológicos y el estudio de las relaciones estructura-actividad permitieron identificar, de un total de 52 compuestos, 6 derivados de fenilpiperazinas que inhibieron de manera significativa la infección por HAdV. Estos compuestos mostraron la capacidad de inhibir la replicación no solo de HAdV, sino también de HCMV, a bajas concentraciones micromolares y presentando poca o nula citotoxicidad. En base a los estudios biológicos, estas moléculas pueden bloquear las infecciones de HAdV y HCMV en distintas fases de su ciclo vital, evidenciando candidatos potenciales para el desarrollo de compuestos antivirales para el tratamiento de las infecciones por virus de ADN.

In immunocompetent individuals, human adenovirus (HAdV) infections are mostly self-limiting; however, in immunocompromised patients, such as solid-organ transplant (TOS) or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, HAdV infections are the cause of high morbidity and mortality; in fact, HAdV has the highest reported increase in incidence of any virus in transplantation recipients in recent years, especially in pediatric units. In addition, with the advances in molecular diagnosis techniques, HAdV has been increasingly found to be involved in sporadic cases and outbreaks of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in healthy adults. Since there are no currently approved antiviral drugs to specifically treat HAdV infections, here we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure−activity relationships of a new library of small molecules as the first step in the development of a specific drug to treat infections by HAdV. Based on the fact that piperazine derivatives had previously proved their utility as an effective source of antiviral compounds with different mechanisms of action, we synthesize by a short and high yielded methodology, three generations of new 4-acyl-1-phenylaminocarbonyl-2-methylpiperazine and 4-acyl-1-phenylaminocarbonyl-2-phenylpiperazine derivatives, comprising a total of 52 compounds. By using the biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships, we have identified six phenylpiperazine derivatives that significantly inhibited HAdV infection. These six compounds showed the capacity to block HAdV and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication at low micromolar concentration, with little or no cytotoxicity and targeting different phases of their life cycle, providing potential candidates for the development of a new family of antiviral drugs for the treatment of infections by DNA viruses.

Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado US

Country
Spain
Keywords

Trasplante de órganos, Química Orgánica, Virus respiratorios, Química orgánica, Compuestos heterocíclicos

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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