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Argumentative Techniques in Article «Finding Design in Nature

Authors: Díaz Rojo, José Antonio;

Argumentative Techniques in Article «Finding Design in Nature

Abstract

[EN] The objective of this paper is to make a rhetorical analysis of the op‐ed entitled Finding Design in Nature by Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, Archbishop of Vienna, published by The New York Times in 2005, three months after the death of John Paul II. In this essay, the Cardinal states that it is an error to affirm that Catholic doctrine is compatible with the «neo‐Darwinist» theory of evolution and that the Roman Catholic Church accepts that theory. For the Archbishop, the origin of this error lies in the abuses committed in the interpretation of John Paul’s 1996 speech in which the Pope affirmed that evolution was more than a hypothesis and showed himself more favourable towards evolutionary theory than his predecessors. In his article the Cardinal described that papal message as «vague and unimportant». In this paper, four argumentative techniques used by Schönborn in his article are analysed: the argumentative lexical choices to make a negative assessment of «neo‐Darwinist» evolutionary theory; the argumentative definition to make a polemical description of that theory; the verbs of speech; and the use of the implicit contents to suggest approximation to the movement of intelligent design. We interpret Cardinal Schönborn’s position as a rhetorical change with respect to John Paul II’s 1996 speech. From our point of view, the Archbishop directed his criticism against evolutionary theory not only because of its scientific theories (not rejected by Church teaching) but also for being potentially dangerous in its use by certain authors as a scientific argument in defence of their atheism.

[ES] El objetivo de este paper es analizar desde el punto de vista retórico el op‐ed titulado Finding Design in Nature, del cardenal Christoph Schönborn, arzobispo de Viena, publicado en 2005 por The New York Times, tres meses después del fallecimiento de Juan Pablo II. En este essay, el cardenal afirma que es un error afirmar que la doctrina católica es compatible con la teoría «neodarwinista» de la evolución y que la Iglesia Católica Romana acepta dicha teoría. Para el arzobispo, el origen de este error está en los abusos cometidos en la interpretación del discurso de Juan Pablo II de 1996 en que el Papa afirmaba que la evolución era más que una hipótesis y se mostraba más favorable a la teoría evolutiva que sus predecesores. En su essay, el cardenal calificó este mensaje papal como «vague and unimportant». En el presente artículo se analizan los procedimientos retóricos empleados por Schönborn en su essay: las elecciones léxicas para valorar negativamente la teoría evolutiva de procedencia «neodarwinista»; la definición argumentativa para describir de forma polémica dicha teoría; los verbos de lengua; y el uso de los contenidos implícitos para sugerir una aproximación al movimiento del diseño inteligente. En este trabajo interpretamos la postura del cardenal Schönborn como un cambio retórico respecto al discurso de Juan Pablo II de 1996. Según nuestro punto de vista, el arzobispo dirigiría sus críticas contra la teoría evolutiva por ser potencialmente peligrosa al ser utilizada por algunos autores como argumento científico en defensa de su ateísmo.

This article forms part of the research project «Evolutionism and the origins of humanity: the configuration of paleoanthropology as a scientific discipline and its influence in Spanish biology», cofinanced by FEDER and MEC (HUM2006‐ 04730/HIST).

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Ciencia y religión, Schönborn, Juan Pablo II, Teoría evolutiva, Catolicismo, Retórica, Argumentación

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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