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Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket

Authors: Serena Monaco; Jonathan Ramírez-Cárdenas; Ana Teresa Carmona; Inmaculada Robina; Jesus Angulo;

Inter-Ligand STD NMR: An Efficient 1D NMR Approach to Probe Relative Orientation of Ligands in a Multi-Subsite Protein Binding Pocket

Abstract

In recent years, Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD NMR) has been proven to be a powerful and versatile ligand-based NMR technique to elucidate crucial aspects in the investigation of protein-ligand complexes. Novel STD NMR approaches relying on “multi-frequency” irradiation have enabled us to even elucidate specific ligand-amino acid interactions and explore the binding of fragments in previously unknown binding subsites. Exploring multi-subsite protein binding pockets is especially important in Fragment Based Drug Discovery (FBDD) to design leads of increased specificity and efficacy. We hereby propose a novel multi-frequency STD NMR approach based on direct irradiation of one of the ligands in a multi-ligand binding process, to probe the vicinity and explore the relative orientation of fragments in adjacent binding sub-sites, which we called Inter-Ligand STD NMR (IL-STD NMR). We proved its applicability on (i) a standard protein-ligand system commonly used for ligand-observed NMR benchmarking: Naproxen as bound to Bovine Serum Albumin, and (ii) the biologically relevant system of Cholera Toxin Subunit B and two inhibitors adjacently bound within the GM1 binding site. Relative to Inter-Ligand NOE (ILOE), the current state-of-the-art methodology to probe relative orientations of adjacent ligands, IL-STD NMR requires about one tenth of the experimental time and protein consumption, making it a competitive methodology with the potential to be applied in the pharmaceutical industries.

Country
Spain
Keywords

ligand-based NMR, R, Protein-ligand interactions, saturation transfer difference NMR; multi-frequency STD NMR; multi-subsite binding pockets; protein-ligand interactions; ligand-based NMR; Fragment Based Drug Discovery, saturation transfer difference NMR, protein-ligand interactions, Multi-frequency STD NMR, Fragment Based Drug Discovery, Article, RS1-441, Pharmacy and materia medica, Saturation transfer difference NMR, Medicine, Multi-subsite binding pockets, Ligand-based NMR, multi-frequency STD NMR, multi-subsite binding pockets

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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