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handle: 10261/362410
La tolerancia de las personas hacia la vida silvestre puede basarse en una combinación de beneficios y costos tangibles (por ejemplo, ganancias y pérdidas económicas), así como beneficios y costos intangibles (por ejemplo, valores compartidos y percepciones de riesgo). Los elefantes asiáticos ( Elephas maximus ) presentan potencialmente ambos tipos de beneficios y costos para las comunidades rurales. Examinamos qué factores estaban asociados con las respuestas emocionales hacia los elefantes asiáticos salvajes entre los agricultores utilizando una encuesta por cuestionario de 300 hogares situados alrededor del santuario Wetahirakanda que conecta los parques nacionales Udawalawe y Lunugamwehera, Sri Lanka. Los encuestados eran todos de la mayoría etnoreligiosa cingalesa-budista con ingresos familiares anuales promedio de Rs. 339,335 LKR (∼$2610 USD). Descubrimos que ninguno de los hogares encuestados obtuvo beneficios económicos del turismo a pesar de la proximidad de dos parques nacionales, mientras que 171 (57%) habían experimentado daños en los cultivos por parte de los elefantes. Aunque la pérdida media de ingresos anuales a causa de los elefantes fue de 50.000 LKR (4%), 21 hogares (7%) sufrieron pérdidas superiores al 100%. Solo seis personas (2%) recordaron alguna muerte humana en sus comunidades. Solo tres personas informaron sentimientos positivos hacia los elefantes, mientras que todos los demás tenían sentimientos negativos o neutrales. Los factores económicos no fueron predictores significativos de los sentimientos hacia los elefantes, mientras que el miedo a los elefantes y la preocupación por el daño a los cultivos tuvieron los efectos negativos más grandes y significativos. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que podría no ser suficiente reducir las pérdidas únicamente a nivel individual, sino que las intervenciones de coexistencia entre humanos y elefantes deberían dirigirse a las comunidades en su conjunto para reducir los efectos secundarios de la preocupación y la ansiedad por la asociación con otras personas que han experimentado pérdidas.
Individuals’ tolerance toward wildlife can be based on a combination of tangible benefits and costs (e.g. economic gains and losses) as well as intangible benefits and costs (e.g. shared values and risk perceptions). Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) potentially present both types of benefits and costs for rural communities. We examined which factors were associated with emotional responses toward wild Asian Elephants among agriculturalists using a questionnaire survey of 300 households situated around the Wetahirakanda sanctuary connecting Udawalawe and Lunugamwehera National Parks, Sri Lanka. Respondents were all from the Sinhala-Buddhist ethno-religious majority with average annual household incomes of Rs. 339,335 LKR (∼$2610 USD). We found that none of the surveyed households derived any economic benefits from tourism despite the proximity of two national parks, whereas 171 (57%) had experienced crop damage by Elephants. Though the median annual income lost due to elephants was Rs.50,000 LKR (4%), 21 households (7%) had losses exceeding 100%. Only six individuals (2%) recollected any human fatalities in their communities. Only three individuals reported positive feelings toward elephants, whereas all others had negative or neutral feelings. Economic factors were not significant predictors of feelings toward elephants, whereas fear of elephants and worry about crop damage had the largest and most significant negative effects. Our findings suggest that it might not be sufficient to reduce losses solely at an individual level, but that human-elephant coexistence interventions should target communities as a whole to reduce the spill-over effects of worry and anxiety by association with others who have experienced loss.
La recopilación de datos fue apoyada por una subvención del Fondo para el Elefante Asiático de Pesca y Vida Silvestre de Estados Unidos (F18AP00365).
Peer reviewed
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, Feelings, Human-elephant coexistence, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15, Human- elephant conflict, Tolerance, Benefits & costs
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, Feelings, Human-elephant coexistence, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15, Human- elephant conflict, Tolerance, Benefits & costs
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