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Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) as an alien weed in Ecuador: spatio-temporal distribution and invasion risk

Authors: Rizzo, Kimberly; Herrera, Ileana; Vargas, Anahí; Cornejo, Xavier; López-Guillén, Eduard;

Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) as an alien weed in Ecuador: spatio-temporal distribution and invasion risk

Abstract

[ES] Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) como maleza introducida en Ecuador: distribución espacio-temporal y riesgo de invasión.¿ Momordica charantia, una maleza trepadora introducida, es nativa del trópico y subtrópico de Asia y África y se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en Ecuador. En este estudio, examinamos la distribución espacio-temporal de los registros de M. charantia y evaluamos su riesgo de invasión para Ecuador. Se recolectaron ocurrencias de la especie de diversas fuentes (bases de datos y herbarios). Se analizó la distribución de la especie en Ecuador y en áreas prioritarias de conservación, considerando sus preferencias climáticas y ecosistémicas. Se realizó un análisis de riesgo de invasión para Ecuador Continental. Nuestros resultados indicaron que M. charantia fue reportada por primera vez en Ecuador en la región de la costa en 1846. La causa de su introducción es desconocida; sin embargo, una posible vía para su expansión podría estar relacionada con su uso como planta medicinal en Ecuador. Actualmente, la especie está naturalizada en Ecuador y se ha registrado en las cuatro regiones, incluyendo las Islas Galápagos. Se detectó la presencia de la especie en 18 áreas prioritarias de conservación, donde su abundancia parece incipiente y su erradicación factible. La ciencia ciudadana (i.e. iNaturalist) proporcionó la mayoría de los registros de la especie, resaltando su importancia para monitorear especies invasoras. Aunque M. charantia tiene una presencia limitada en ambientes naturales (el 89% de los registros se encuentran en áreas perturbadas), la especie fue categorizada como de "alto riesgo" debido a que en Ecuador hay regiones climáticamente adecuadas para su establecimiento. Además, M. charantia tiene una alta capacidad de dispersión a larga distancia y un considerable potencial para convertirse en maleza en cultivos, representando una amenaza para la agricultura. Destacamos que la presencia de M. charantia en áreas perturbadas podría constituir una fuente de propagación hacia áreas cultivadas, donde la especie podría comportarse como maleza. El manejo de las poblaciones de M. charantia cerca de los cultivos podría mitigar sus posibles impactos agrícolas. PALABRAS CLAVE: análisis de riesgo; conductores de invasión; pepino cimarrón; plantas invasoras; plantas medicinales.

[EN] Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) as an alien weed in Ecuador: Spatio-temporal distribution and invasion risk.— Momordica charantia, an alien vine weed native to tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa, is widely distributed in Ecuador. In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial distribution of M. charantia records and evaluated its invasion risk for Ecuador. Occurrences of the species were collected from various sources (databases and herbaria). The distribution of the species in Ecuador and priority conservation areas was analyzed, considering its climatic and ecosystem preferences. An invasion risk analysis was conducted for Continental Ecuador. Our results indicated that M. charantia was reported for the first time in the Coastal Region of Ecuador in 1846. The cause of its introduction remains unknown; however, one potential pathway for its expansion could be linked to its utilization as a medicinal plant in Ecuador. The species is now naturalized in Ecuador and recorded in all four regions, including the Galápagos Islands. The species was detected in 18 priority conservation areas, where its abundance appears incipient, and its eradication feasible. Citizen science (iNaturalist) provided the majority of species records, emphasizing its importance for monitoring alien species. Although M. charantia has a limited occurrence in natural environments (most of the records, 89%, are in disturbed areas), the species was categorized as “high risk” in Ecuador due to the country’s climatically suitable regions for its establishment. Additionally, M. charantia has a high capacity for long-distance dispersal and considerable potential to become a weed in crops, posing a threat to agriculture. We highlight that the occurrence of M. charantia in disturbed areas could constitute a propagule source towards crop areas, where the species could behave as a weed. The management of M. charantia populations near crops could mitigate its potential agricultural impacts.

This project received financial support from Research Center of Universidad Espíritu Santo– Ecuador (project number: 2022-ING-002, to I. Herrera)

ABSTRACT RESUMEN INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES APPENDICES

Keywords

bitter melon, pepino cimarrón, risk assessment, Invasive plants, Bitter melon, plantas medicinales, invasion drivers, Medicinal plants, Invasion drivers, análisis de riesgo, invasive plants, conductores de invasión, medicinal plants, plantas invasoras, Risk assessment

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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