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Análisis de ADN antiguo de vid y su aplicación en el estudio de restos arqueológicos y herbarios

Authors: Royo, Carolina; Tello, Javier; Ferradas, Yolanda; Pérez-Jordà, Guillem; Peña-Chocarro, Leonor; Ibáñez Marcos, Javier; Martínez-Zapater, José M.;

Análisis de ADN antiguo de vid y su aplicación en el estudio de restos arqueológicos y herbarios

Abstract

El ADN conservado en especímenes vegetales antiguos permite investigar los procesos evolutivos acontecidos en los genomas de las plantas a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, recuperar la información genómica contenida en dichos especímenes es un gran desafío, ya que el ADN suele encontrarse degradado, fragmentado, contaminado con otros ADNs y con presencia de sustancias secundarias que limitan su recuperación y uso. La extracción de ADN se ha de realizar siguiendo protocolos optimizados y en laboratorios específicos para evitar la contaminación con ADN actual. A continuación, se obtienen perfiles de ADN nuclear y cloroplástico y se comparan con los disponibles en bases de datos internacionales (ICVV, VIVC). Esta comparación permite identificar las relaciones entre variedades antiguas y variedades en cultivo. Por ejemplo, el análisis del genoma cloroplástico de semillas de vid encontradas en yacimientos ibéricos sugiere un origen oriental para las variedades cultivadas por los fenicios, mientras que los romanos utilizarían variedades locales. Por otro lado, el análisis de un herbario de vid serbio de 200 años ha servido para identificar algunos de los especímenes como variedades cultivadas actualmente en los Balcanes. Estos trabajos proporcionan información sobre el cultivo y usos de la vid a lo largo de la historia.

Trabajo presentado en el 35º Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo Experimentación en Viticultura y Enología, celebrado en mayo de 2023

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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