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Reciprocity and interaction effectiveness in generalised mutualisms among free‐living species

Authors: Elena Quintero; Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez; Pedro Jordano;

Reciprocity and interaction effectiveness in generalised mutualisms among free‐living species

Abstract

AbstractMutualistic interactions among free‐living species generally involve low‐frequency interactions and highly asymmetric dependence among partners, yet our understanding of factors behind their emergence is still limited. Using individual‐based interactions of a super‐generalist fleshy‐fruited plant with its frugivore assemblage, we estimated the Resource Provisioning Effectiveness (RPE) and Seed Dispersal Effectiveness (SDE) to assess the balance in the exchange of resources. Plants were highly dependent on a few frugivore species, while frugivores interacted with most individual plants, resulting in strong asymmetries of mutual dependence. Interaction effectiveness was mainly driven by interaction frequency. Despite highly asymmetric dependences, the strong reliance on quantity of fruit consumed determined high reciprocity in rewards between partners (i.e. higher energy provided by the plant, more seedlings recruited), which was not obscured by minor variations in the quality of animal or plant service. We anticipate reciprocity will emerge in low‐intimacy mutualisms where the mutualistic outcome largely relies upon interaction frequency.

Countries
Spain, Spain
Keywords

Seed dispersal effectiveness, Seed dispersal, Reciprocity, Asymmetry, Frugivory, Feeding Behavior, Mediterranean, Bayesian, Trees, Birds, Plant-animal interactions, Fruit, Ecological networks, Seed Dispersal, Resource provisioning effectiveness, Animals, Letters, Symbiosis, Plant–animal interactions

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
OpenAIRE UsageCountsViews provided by UsageCounts
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10
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29
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