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L'impacte del vulcanisme en la història de la humanitat

Authors: Geyer, Adelina; Aulinas, Meritxell; Albert, Helena; Álvarez-Valero, Antonio M.;

L'impacte del vulcanisme en la història de la humanitat

Abstract

Actualment, més de 500 milions de persones viuen exposades a l¿activitat volcànica i cada any es registren al nostre planeta entre 50 i 80 erupcions de mida, explosivitat i impacte diferent. Durant segles, l¿ésser humà ha sabut explotar els volcans i els seus productes per al seu benefici i desenvolupament socio- econòmic, aprofitant les riqueses que ofereixen les zones volcàniques. Però, en el passat, diversos episodis eruptius han afectat notòriament la història humana amb efectes sobre les societats, les cultures i el medi ambient. Després d¿ una breu introducció als conceptes més pertinents sobre magmatisme i vulcanisme, essencials per entendre l¿origen i naturalesa dels perills volcànics, en aquest treball es revisa l¿estreta relació entre l'activitat volcànica i la humanitat. A través d'exemples concrets d'erupcions passades, es posa en evidència com un esdeveniment eruptiu pot arribar a canviar la història en pocs dies. Sense ser una llista exhaustiva, els exemples escollits busquen reflectir la fragilitat de la nostra societat davant d'aquests perills naturals. Les erupcions seleccionades cobreixen diverses èpoques, des del Pleistocè Superior (126-12 ka) fins al segle xxi, i corresponen a esdeveniments de diferents magnituds i volums de magma emès. Final- ment, es planteja com aquests fenòmens geològics no necessàriament han de desencadenar desastres na- turals; una bona estratègia de prevenció, mitigació i vigilància pot reduir el risc de forma apreciable i millorar la resposta i la resiliència de les comunitats afectades.

The impacT of vulcanism in The hisTory of humaniTy. At present, more than 500 million people live exposed to volcanic activity, and every year between 50 and 80 eruptions of varying size, explosiveness and impact are recorded on our planet. For centuries, humans have known how to exploit volcanoes and their products to obtain benefits and further socioeconomic development, taking advantage of the numer- ous resources offered by volcanic areas. However, several eruptive episodes have greatly affected human history through their impact on societies, cultures and the environment. After a brief introduction to the most important concepts of magmatism and volcanism, which are essential to understand the origin and nature of volcanic hazards, this article reviews the close relationship between volcanic activity and humanity. Through specific examples of past eruptions, it highlights how an eruptive event can change history in a few days. This by no means exhaustive list reflects the fragility of our society when it faces these natural hazards. The selected eruptions cover periods from the Upper Pleistocene (126¿12 ka) to the 21st century and correspond to events of different magnitudes and volumes of magma emission. Finally, it is argued that these geological phenomena do not necessarily have to lead to natural disasters: a good prevention, mitigation and monitoring strategy can significantly reduce risk and improve the response and resilience of the affected communities

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Vulcanismo, Volcano

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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