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Application of Thermo-Malaxation Followed by Three-Phase Centrifugation to Enable the Biorefinery of Alperujo, the Main By-Product of Olive Oil

Authors: África Fernández-Prior; Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria; Fátima Rubio-Senent; Álvaro Villanueva-Lazo; Juan Fernández-Bolaños; Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez;

Application of Thermo-Malaxation Followed by Three-Phase Centrifugation to Enable the Biorefinery of Alperujo, the Main By-Product of Olive Oil

Abstract

The pomace olive oil sector needs to improve its use of the main olive oil by-product, called alperujo, which is currently used mainly for combustion after extraction of pomace oil, with all the problems this process entails due to the high degree of humidity, organic load and phytotoxic substances. In this work, a solution at an industrial level that uses thermo-malaxation at a temperature close to 65 °C for one or two hours followed by centrifugation in three phases is proposed. In this way, over 40% of the pomace oil that is rich in minor compounds, a solid with a lower degree of humidity (55%), and a liquid aqueous fraction that is rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics and sugars are obtained. This aqueous fraction can be treated through subsequent storage stages to increase its content of the main phenolic, hydroxytyrosol, to up to 1.77 g/L, decreasing its percentage of insoluble solids by up to 1.9%, making it possible to obtain extracts that are rich in hydroxytyrosol using systems that are commonly in place at the industrial level. The aqueous fraction, without phenolics, could be used for energy production. A solid with a slightly higher fat content than the initial alperujo remains, thus the rest of the oil content can be extracted from it using solvent, making it, once defatted, suitable for application in subsequent bioprocesses.

Keywords

olive oil solid waste, thermo-malaxation, Olive oil solid waste, Chemical technology, By-products, phenolic compounds, TP1-1185, olive oil, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidants, Article, Thermo-malaxation, antioxidants, Hydroxytyrosol, by-products, hydroxytyrosol, Olive oil

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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