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Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Algunos aspectos sobre la biología y pesca de la merluza mediterránea Merluccius meluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) en la Bahía de Santa Pola (sureste de la península Ibérica)

Authors: García-Rodríguez, M. (Mariano); Esteban-Acón, A. (Antonio);

Algunos aspectos sobre la biología y pesca de la merluza mediterránea Merluccius meluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) en la Bahía de Santa Pola (sureste de la península Ibérica)

Abstract

La merluza Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) es una especie demersal ampliamente distribuida en las costas europeas y mediterráneas, localizándose en la zona de la plataforma y el talud, siendo especie objetivo de las flotas de arrastre. En este trabajo se describe su pesquería, estructura de la población, crecimiento y reproducción, realizándose un análisis de su estado de explotación. Los datos de partida se obtuvieron en muestreos mensuales realizados sobre desembarcos de la flota comercial en el puerto de Santa Pola durante los años 1991, 1992 y 1993; los desembarcos totales anuales representan unas 4 000 tm, de las que unas 385 corresponden a la merluza, con 57 tm mensuales en promedio, oscilando su captura por unidad de esfuerzo en torno a los 44 Kg/barco/dia. Las tallas de las capturas variaron de 4 cm de mínima a los 68 cm de talla máxima de longitud, representando el intervalo de talla de 10 a 14 cm el 44% en promedio del total de la captura. De entre las distintas relaciones biométricas calculadas, se propone como relación Talla-Peso la encontrada para el total de los individuos, que es de la forma: Peso = 0.0048 * Talla 3.12. La madurez sexual se alcanza a los 29 cm en los machos, mientras que las hembras la alcanzan a los 35 cm. Los parámetros de crecimiento de Von Bertalanfy (VBGF) se obtuvieron por la aplicación de distintos programas dando estimaciones de K altas, proponiéndose la expresión: Lt = 113.2 * (1 - e -0.123 * ( t - 0.137 ) ), para el total de la población. Los valores obtenidos en los análisis de población y de biomasas y rendimientos muestran un esquema de explotacióm muy alejado del óptimo, con un bajo rendimiento, ya que la explotación comienza en las clases muy jóvenes, sustentándose del reclutamiento, mostrando un porcentaje de renovación (Turnover) muy alto.

The hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) is a bottom-living specie widely distributed along the European and Mediterranean coasts, founding in the shelf and slope, being a target specie of the trawl fleets. In this work on describe its fishery, population structure, growth and reproduction, making an analisys of its explotation status. The starting data were obtained by samplig of catches from commercial vessels of Santa Pola Port during 1991, 1992 and 1993; the total catches of the wole fleet amounts the 4 000 Tm by year, 385 of they corresponding to hake, with 57 Tm by month in average and a catch by effort unit of 44 Kg/vessel/day. The sizes of fish caught ranged between 4 and 68 cm, representing the range from 10 to 14 cm the 44% in average of the total catch. From the different biometric-relations done, on propose as lenght-weigth relationship those founded for the total population Weigth = 0.0048 * Length 3.12. Sexual madurity is attained at 29 cm in the case of males, whereas females attains at 39 cm. Von Bertalanffy Growth Funcion parameters were obtained by differet packages, given high K values, proposing the following expression Lt = 113.2 * (1 - e -0.123 * ( t - 0.137 ) ) for the total population. The values obtained from the population analysis and from biomass and yield show an explotation scheme far from the optimum, with a low yield as the explotation starts with very young classes, subsisting on the recruitment and showing a high turnover.

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Spain
Keywords

Sede Central IEO, Pesquerías

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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