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Biological observations of silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) on spanish surface longliners targeting swordfish in the Pacific Ocean over the period 1990-2011 and applicability to the Atlantic case

Authors: García-Cortés, B. (Blanca); Ramos-Cartelle, A. (Ana); Mejuto-García, J. (Jaime);

Biological observations of silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) on spanish surface longliners targeting swordfish in the Pacific Ocean over the period 1990-2011 and applicability to the Atlantic case

Abstract

A total of 3013 silky sharks (1325 females, 1621 males and 67 unknown) were observed in the Pacific Ocean between 1990 and 2011. Most observations were made between 10ºN-10ºS / 90ºW-180ºW with very sporadic identifications in higher latitudes. The estimated prevalence of the silky shark was 1.1% or 2.6% if we take into consideration the catch of all combined species or the catch of sharks only, respectively. However, important differences can be seen among areas. Prevalences of silky and white tip shark (C. longimanus) showed a negative correlation. Length distributions by sex and by combined sexes of the silky shark suggested two modal classes which characterize segregation in different areas. Individuals with the smallest length were mostly observed in epipelagic layers with warmer waters located to the West of 140ºW and with a generally deeper thermocline. On the contrary, larger individuals were mainly found in less warm waters located to the East of 140ºW, more affected by the contribution of mild-cold waters and with a generally shallower thermocline. The nominal CPUE by length group also confirms this segregation. The female overall sex-ratio was 45.0%. Sex-ratio patterns by length class for whole Pacific showed similar sex proportions for small sizes and a trend towards a lower number of females as the size increases. The 3.2% of the analyzed females showed external or internal signs of fertilization (3.0% with embryos and 0.2 with mating injuries). The average size of females with embryos was 164 cm FL and the average litter size was 5.5 embryos (minimum 2 and maximum 18). A lineal model between the size of pregnant females and their litter suggests the following relation: litter size = -18.5709 + 0.143531*FL, (P<0.01). The smallest embryo observed was 10 cm FL and the largest was 53cm FL. Data on embryo size, sex-ratio and litter size per uterus are also provided.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Pesquerías, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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