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Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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Nuevos datos sobre Ambrona: Cerrando el debate caza versus carroñeo

Authors: Villa, Paola; Soto, Enrique; Santonja Gómez, Manuel; Pérez-González, Alfredo; Mora, R.; Parcerisas, Joaquín; Sesé, Carmen;

Nuevos datos sobre Ambrona: Cerrando el debate caza versus carroñeo

Abstract

Resumen: Este artículo presenta un análisis tafonómico de los conjuntos faunísticos recuperados en las excavacio¬nes llevadas a cabo en Ambrona (España) entre los años 1993 y 1999, dirigidas por M. Santonja y A. Pérez-González. Nuestra intención aquí es valorar las diversas interpretaciones propuestas por Freeman y Binford sobre las actividades de subsistencia llevadas a cabo en este yacimiento. Los restos faunísticos y líticos se hallan en distintos contextos sedimentarios: facies de abanico aluvial, limos lacustres, arcillas y arenas fluviales y depósitos de canal. Los materiales faunísticos recuperados en los limos lacustres se encuen¬tran generalmente, aunque no siempre, en contexto primario. Los restos de carcasas de elefante y cier¬vo, que pueden hallarse parcialmente articulados o en proximidad, representan acumulaciones naturales en las que no existen evidencias consistentes de intervención humana. En otros casos los restos esque¬léticos son elementos individuales desplazados por el agua o que permanecen aislados in situ. No se aprecian marcas de carnívoros, pero tanto huesos como artefactos líticos exhiben distintos grados de alte¬ración mecánica producida por transporte fluvial. La limitada evidencia de la acción humana sobre los huesos se fundamenta en la verificación de algunas marcas de corte mediante el uso del Microscopio de Barrido Electrónico (MBE) y en varias fracturas de carácter antrópico. Estos datos ponen de manifiesto la existencia de actividades de despedazado sobre restos óseos de distintos animales, entre los que se incluyen elefantes. No podemos confirmar la existencia de la caza, pero podemos rechazar definitivamen¬te la propuesta de Binford sobre el carroñeo marginal de ungulados de tamaño medio que habrían sido presa de carnívoros. Ambrona constituye una compleja mezcla de componentes naturales y antrópicos, la huella de un paisaje natural visitado habitualmente por homínidos que transportaban algunos artefac¬tos líticos desde fuentes alóctonas de materia prima y que dispusieron de un plan organizado para la adquisición de la carne. Sin embargo, las evidencias que confirman la existencia de actividades de caza de elefantes provienen exclusivamente de yacimientos más recientes que éste. Abstract: This paper presents a taphonomic analysis of the faunal assemblages from the 1993-1999 excavations at Ambrona (Spain), directed by M. Santonja and A. Pérez-González. Our objectives are to evaluate the opposing inter¬pretations of the hominid subsistence activities at the site proposed by Freeman and Binford. The faunal and lithic remains are found in different sedimentary contexts: an alluvial fan, lacustrine muds, fluviatile clay-sands and channel deposits. Faunal remains in the lacustrine muds are often, but not always, in pri¬mary context. Remains of elephant and deer carcasses may be found in partial articulation or proximity and represent natural occurrences without any clear evidence of hominid intervention. In other contexts the faunal remains are occurrences of single anatomical elements either displaced by water or left isolat¬ed in situ. There are no carnivore marks; bones and stone artifacts show varying degrees of mechanical abrasion due to water transport. Limited evidence of human action on bones is provided by a few SEM verified cutmarks and some anthropic fractures. They document butchery of various animals, including elephants. We cannot prove hunting but we can definitely reject Binford’s idea of marginal scavenging of medium-size ungulates from carnivore kills. Ambrona is a complex mix of natural and human compo¬nents, the remnant of a natural landscape regularly visited by hominids who transported some artifacts from nonlocal raw material sources and had an organized approach to meat acquisition. However, strong evidence of elephant hunting is provided only by sites younger than Ambrona.

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Spain
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Keywords

Tafonomía, Middle Pleistocene, Pleistoceno Medio, España, Carroñeo, Spain, Yacimiento de Ambrona, Taphonomy, Soria, Hunting, Scavenging, Ambrona, Elephas antiquus, Caza

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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