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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2022
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The softness diagram for MaNGA star-forming regions: diffuse ionized gas contamination or local HOLMES predominance?

Authors: Pérez Montero, Enrique; Zinchenko, I. A.; Vílchez Medina, José Manuel; Zurita, A.; Florido, E.; Pérez-Díaz, B.;

The softness diagram for MaNGA star-forming regions: diffuse ionized gas contamination or local HOLMES predominance?

Abstract

Aims. We explore the so-called softness diagram – whose main function is to provide the hardness of the ionizing radiation in star-forming regions – in order to check whether hot and old low-mass evolved stars (HOLMES) are significant contributors to the ionization within star-forming regions, as suggested by previous MaNGA data analyses. Methods. We used the code HCM-TEFF to derive both the ionization parameter and the equivalent effective temperature (T*), adopting models of massive stars and planetary nebulae (PNe), and exploring different sets of emission lines in the softness diagram to figure out the main causes of the observed differences in the softness parameter in the MaNGA and CHAOS star-forming region samples. Results. We find that the fraction of regions with a resulting T* > 60 kK, which are supposedly ionised by sources harder than massive stars, is considerably larger in the MaNGA (66%) than in the CHAOS (20%) sample when the [S II] λλ 6716,6731 Å emission lines are used in the softness diagram. However, the respective fractions of regions in this regime for both samples are considerably reduced (20% in MaNGA and 10% in CHAOS) when the [N II] emission line at λ 6584 Å is used instead. This may indicate that diffuse ionised gas (DIG) contamination in the lower resolution MaNGA data is responsible for artificially increasing the measured T* as opposed to there being a predominant role of HOLMES in the H II regions.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Galaxies: star formation, Galaxies: abundances, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Galaxies: stellar content, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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