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Radon exhalation from the structure of historic buildings. A problem detected at the tower of Hercules, Coruña

Authors: Frutos Vázquez, Borja; Alonso, Carmen; Martín-Consuegra, Fernando; Sicilia, Isabel; de Frutos, Fernando; Pérez Álvarez-Quiñones, Gloria;

Radon exhalation from the structure of historic buildings. A problem detected at the tower of Hercules, Coruña

Abstract

El gas radón es un patógeno conocido y catalogado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como agente cancerígeno de grado 1. Este gas, presente en la corteza terrestre por la desintegración espontánea del radio (abundante en terrenos graníticos), aparece en los edificios atravesando los elementos constructivos de cerramiento. Los materiales de construcción, que también pueden contener radio en sus materias primas, son igualmente fuente contributiva a la concentración interior, aunque en una menor proporción. Estudios internacionales ofrecen datos de un balance entre un 20% para materiales y un 80% para el terreno. Sin embargo, se han detectado casos en los que el aporte de los materiales y estructuras es mucho mayor. Este es el caso de edificios históricos que poseen una gran masa estructural con rellenos de materiales con altos contenidos de radio, como pueden ser los construidos con sillares graníticos de doble hoja y relleno interior. El estudio de los fenómenos físicos de transporte del gas desde las masas interiores a través de las juntas entre sillares, revela una elevada exhalación semejante a la de los terrenos. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de estudio de la Torre de Hércules en A Coruña. Un edificio romano con alto contenido de material granítico en sus muros. Se analiza mediante ensayos de exhalación en sus muros que ofrecen datos de dos órdenes de magnitud mayor para superficies con juntas. Se desarrolla un modelo de acumulación que ayuda a entender la singularidad de flujos en esta clase de edificios. La metodología propuesta pretende ser aplicada a edificios similares localizados mediante el análisis de datos catastrales y georreferenciación.

Radon gas is a known pathogen and is classified by the World Health Organization as a grade 1 carcinogen. This gas, present in the earth's crust due to the spontaneous radium decay (abundant in granitic soils), appears in buildings through the enclosing construction elements. Building materials, which may also contain radium in their raw materials, are also a source contributing to indoor concentrations, although to a lesser extent. International studies give data of a balance between 20% for materials and 80% for soil. However, cases have been detected in which the contribution of materials and structures is much higher. This is the case of historic buildings that have a large structural mass with filler materials with high radius contents, such as those built with double sheet granite ashlars and interior filling. The study of the physical phenomena of gas transport from the interior masses through the joints between ashlars reveals a high exhalation similar to that of soils. This paper presents the case study of the Tower of Hercules in A Coruña. A Roman building with a high content of granitic material in its walls. It is analysed by means of exhalation tests on its walls that provide data of two orders of magnitude higher for surfaces with joints. An accumulation model is developed that helps to understand the singularity of flows in this kind of buildings. This proposed methodology is intended to be applied to similar buildings located through the analysis of cadastral data and georeferencing.

Keywords

Materiales, Exhalación desde masas estructurales, Radón, Edificios históricos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Cancer Research