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Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
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Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
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Variation of diazinon and amitraz susceptibility of Hyalomma marginatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region of Morocco

تباين الديازينون والأميتراز حساسية الهيالوما الهامشية (Acari: Ixodidae) في منطقة الرباط- سال- القنيطرة في المغرب
Authors: Latifa Elhachimi; Thomas Van Leeuwen; Wannes Dermauw; Carolien Rogiers; F. Valcárcel; A. Sonia Olmeda; Sarah Elhamiani Khatat; +3 Authors

Variation of diazinon and amitraz susceptibility of Hyalomma marginatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region of Morocco

Abstract

Dans la présente étude, le statut de sensibilité à l'acaricide de Hyalomma marginatum au Maroc a été étudié dans la région de Rabat-Sale-Kenitra à l'aide du test des paquets larvaires. La CL50 globale pour le diazinon et l'amitraz était de 115 ppm (IC à 95 % : [104 ; 125]) et 22 ppm (IC à 95 % : [21 ; 23]), respectivement. Les valeurs de CL50 variaient significativement entre les neuf emplacements échantillonnés (P<0,001) allant de 75 ppm (IC à 95 % : [65 ; 84]) à Ouelmes à 179 ppm (IC à 95 % : [139 ; 201]) à Jorf El Melha pour le diazinon et de 18 ppm (IC à 95 % : [15 ; 21]) à Skhirat à 28 ppm (IC à 95 % : [24 ; 31]) à Ouelmes pour l'amitraz. Le séquençage du site cible du diazinon, l'acétylcholinestérase 1 (AChE1), a indiqué que les mutations de résistance précédemment rapportées dans l'AChE1 étaient absentes chez les tiques de Jorf El Melha survivant à 500 ppm de diazinon. Cette étude est le premier rapport sur le statut de susceptibilité de H. marginatum aux acaricides les plus fréquemment utilisés au Maroc et indique que la résistance aux tiques acaricides est en train d'émerger.

En el presente estudio, se investigó el estado de susceptibilidad a los acaricidas de Hyalomma marginatum en Marruecos en la región de Rabat-Sale-Kenitra utilizando el Larval Packet Test. El valor general de LC50 para diazinón y amitraz fue de 115 ppm (IC del 95%: [104; 125]) y 22 ppm (IC del 95%: [21; 23]), respectivamente. Los valores de LC50 variaron significativamente entre las nueve ubicaciones muestreadas (P<0.001) que van desde 75 ppm (IC 95%: [65; 84]) en Ouelmes hasta 179 ppm (IC 95%: [139; 201]) en Jorf El Melha para diazinón y desde 18 ppm (IC 95%: [15; 21]) en Skhirat hasta 28 ppm (IC 95%: [24; 31]) en Ouelmes para amitraz. La secuenciación del sitio objetivo del diazinón, la acetilcolinesterasa 1 (AChE1), indicó que las mutaciones de resistencia previamente informadas en AChE1 estaban ausentes en las garrapatas de Jorf El Melha que sobrevivieron a 500 ppm de diazinón. Este estudio es el primer informe sobre el estado de susceptibilidad de H. marginatum a los acaricidas más utilizados en Marruecos e indica que está surgiendo resistencia a los acaricidas.

In the present study, the acaricide susceptibility status of Hyalomma marginatum in Morocco was investigated in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region using the Larval Packet Test. The overall LC50 value for diazinon and amitraz was 115 ppm (95% CI: [104; 125]) and 22 ppm (95% CI: [21; 23]), respectively. The LC50 values varied significantly between the nine sampled locations (P<0.001) ranging from 75 ppm (95% CI: [65; 84]) in Ouelmes to 179 ppm (95% CI: [139; 201]) in Jorf El Melha for diazinon and from 18 ppm (95% CI: [15; 21]) in Skhirat to 28 ppm (95% CI: [24; 31]) in Ouelmes for amitraz. Sequencing of the target-site of diazinon, acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1), indicated that previously reported resistance mutations in AChE1 were absent in ticks from Jorf El Melha surviving 500 ppm diazinon. This study is the first report on the H. marginatum susceptibilty status to the most frequently used acaricides in Morocco and indicates that acaricide tick resistance is emerging.

في هذه الدراسة، تم التحقيق في حالة حساسية مبيد القراد للهيالوما الهامشية في المغرب في منطقة الرباط- سيل- القنيطرة باستخدام اختبار حزمة اليرقات. كانت قيمة LC50 الإجمالية للديازينون والأميتراز 115 جزء في المليون (95 ٪ CI: [104 ؛ 125]) و 22 جزء في المليون (95 ٪ CI: [21 ؛ 23])، على التوالي. اختلفت قيم LC50 بشكل كبير بين مواقع العينات التسعة (P<0.001) التي تتراوح من 75 جزء في المليون (95 ٪ CI: [65 ؛ 84]) في Ouelmes إلى 179 جزء في المليون (95 ٪ CI: [139 ؛ 201]) في Jorf El Melha لـ diazinon ومن 18 جزء في المليون (95 ٪ CI: [15 ؛ 21]) في الصخيرات إلى 28 جزء في المليون (95 ٪ CI: [24 ؛ 31]) في Ouelmes لـ amitraz. أشار تسلسل الموقع المستهدف للديازينون، أستيل كولين استراز 1 (AChE1)، إلى أن طفرات المقاومة المبلغ عنها سابقًا في AChE1 كانت غائبة في القراد من جرف الملح التي نجت من 500 جزء في المليون من الديازينون. هذه الدراسة هي أول تقرير عن حالة الحساسية لمبيدات القراد الأكثر استخدامًا في المغرب وتشير إلى أن مقاومة القراد لمبيدات القراد آخذة في الظهور.

Countries
Belgium, Spain
Keywords

Impact of Pesticides on Honey Bee Health, Veterinary medicine, Hyalomma marginatum, Plant Science, Toxicology, CATTLE TICK, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Acari, Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Life Sciences, IN-FIELD POPULATIONS, ANATOLICUM, Amitraz, Morocco, Infectious Diseases, Diazinon, Larva, Acetylcholinesterase, Medicine, HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUS, Botanical Insecticides in Agriculture and Pest Management, Tick, Mosquito Repellents, Toluidines, Ixodidae, Susceptibility status, Microbiology, RESISTANCE STATUS, Animals, Veterinary Sciences, Biology, RECEPTOR, BIRDS, RHIPICEPHALUS BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS, Larval packet test, GENE, Tick Infestations, Pesticide, Tick-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Transmission, Insect Science, FOS: Biological sciences, Acaricide, Diazinon and amitraz, Cattle, Parasitology, Zoology

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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