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REPARAÇÃO DE BIOMATERIAIS CERÂMICOS PARA APLICAÇÕES BIOMÉDICAS COM DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA METODOLOGIA DE CARACTERIZAÇÃO

Authors: Sousa Farias, Klaidson A.;

REPARAÇÃO DE BIOMATERIAIS CERÂMICOS PARA APLICAÇÕES BIOMÉDICAS COM DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA METODOLOGIA DE CARACTERIZAÇÃO

Abstract

[PT] A perda de tecido ósseo é um problema grave que requer um olhar diferenciado tanto na medicina humana quanto na veterinária e, por isso os fosfatos de cálcio têm sido utilizados como biomateriais cerâmicos para aplicações como enxerto ou implante ósseo. Neste contexto, vários fosfatos de cálcio são objeto de estudo por apresentarem os principais constituintes minerais dos ossos. A síntese dos biomateriais cerâmicos promove a formação de diferentes fases cristalinas, as quais são necessárias para suas aplicações biomédicas. Entretanto, a norma de validação dos biomateriais cerâmicos ISO 13779-3 2008 para a quantificação de fases cristalinas realiza o cálculo com apenas um determinado plano cristalográfico de cada fase cristalina, o que limita o resultado. Diante deste pressuposto, esse trabalho teve como objetivo obter três tipos de fosfato de cálcio (Hidroxiapatita - HAp; Fosfato tricálcico - βTCP e Fosfato tricálcico - αTCP), após, utiliza o refinamento por Rietveld para obter informação mais precisa do material, construindo as suas curvas padrão. Os fosfatos de cálcio foram obtidos por precipitação (HAp e βTCP) e por combustão (αTCP), em seguida foram caracterizados por Fluorescência de Raios X (FRX), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (FTIR), Microscopia eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Difração de Raios X (DRX), e posteriormente aplica o refinamento por Rietveld. Nos resultados por FRX foram encontrados e quantificados os elementos químicos (Ca e P) como principais, no FTIR identificou-se a presença de grupos funcionais correspondentes aos respectivos fosfatos de cálcio, na MEV foi possível observar partículas aglomeradas, com tamanhos inferiores a 10μm, no DRX identificou-se as fases cristalinas de cada fosfato e, com a utilização do refinamento por Rietveld quantificou-se as fases cristalinas, determinando também a fase amorfa do material que não difrata, consequentemente, quando comparado com a norma identificou-se um resultado mais preciso das fases cristalinas presente no material. Posteriormente foi realizado um estudo sobre a influência da temperatura para o fosfato de cálcio (βTCP) por precipitação, nas temperaturas de 900°C e 950°C, e foi encontrada uma fase binária (HAp / βTCP); com a elevação da temperatura de 1000°C até 1200°C, identificou-se uma única fase (βTCP). As curvas de calibração obtidas permitem a quantificação das fases (Hap / βTCP e HAp / αTCP), entretanto, na síntese por combustão para obtenção do αTCP, percebeu-se uma dificuldade na elaboração da curva padrão (HAp / αTCP) devido ao tamanho de partículas, preparação da amostra, orientação preferencial e presença de material amorfo na amostra. Conclui-se que foi possível sintetizar os fosfatos de cálcio, e que a aplicação do refinamento por Rietveld demonstrou ser um método viável, o qual se constitui em uma forma mais simples e confiável para a quantificação das fases cristalinas, para que, em seguida, esse biomaterial possa ser aplicado na área biomédica.

[EN] The loss of bone tissue is a serious problem that requires a different look both in human and veterinary medicine and, therefore calcium phosphates have been used as ceramic biomaterials for applications such as graft or bone implant. In this context, several calcium phosphates are studied because they present the main mineral constituents of bones. The synthesis of the ceramic biomaterials promotes the formation of different crystalline phases, which are necessary for their biomedical applications. However, the validation standard of the ceramic biomaterials ISO 13779-3 2008 for the quantification of crystalline phases performs the calculation with only a certain crystallographic plane of each crystalline phase, which limits the result. The objective of this work was to obtain three types of calcium phosphate (Hydroxyapatite - HAp; tricalcium phosphate - βTCP and tricalcium phosphate - αTCP), after, uses refinement by Rietveld to obtain more accurate information of the material, constructing their standard curves. Calcium phosphates were obtained by precipitation (HAp and βTCP) and by combustion (αTCP), X-ray Fluorescence (FRX), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and then apply refinement by Rietveld. In the results by FRX were found and quantified the chemical elements (Ca and P) as main, in the FTIR was identified the presence of functional groups corresponding to the respective calcium phosphates, in the SEM it was possible to observe agglomerated particles with sizes smaller than 10μm, in XRD the crystalline phases of each phosphate were identified and, with the use of the refinement by Rietveld, the crystalline phases were quantified, determining also the amorphous phase of the material that does not diffract, consequently, when compared with the norm a more precise result of the crystalline phases present in the material was identified. Afterwards a study on the influence of the temperature for the calcium phosphate (βTCP) by precipitation, at the temperatures of 900 ° C and 950 ° C was carried out, and a binary phase (HAp / βTCP) was found; with the elevation of the temperature from 1000 ° C to 1200 ° C, a single phase (βTCP) was identified. The calibration curves allow quantification of the phases (Hap / βTCP and HAp / αTCP), however, in the combustion synthesis to obtain αTCP, (HAp / αTCP) due to particle size, sample preparation, preferential orientation and the presence of amorphous material in the sample were observed. It was concluded that it was possible to synthesize the calcium phosphates, and that the application of the refinement by Rietveld proved to be a viable method, which is constituted in a simpler and more reliable way for the quantification of crystalline phases, so that this biomaterial can then be applied in the biomedical area.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Biomaterials, Synthesis, Calcium phosphate, Regeneração óssea, Sínteses, Biomateriais, Fosfato de Cálcio, Bone regeneration

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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