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handle: 10261/275020
[FR] Dans la mesure de coefficients d'absorption et d'impédances acoustiques par la méthode du tube à ondes stationnaires, on ne peut appliquer la théorie élémentaire des lignes de transmission quand les pertes énergétiques de l'onde sonore se propageant à l'intérieur du tube son notables, et il devient nécessaire de réaliser des manipulations plus complexes. Au moyen de la théorie des ondes, nous analysons les écarts entre les valeurs mesurées et les valeurs correctes des coefficients d'absorption et des impédances acoustiques, dus à la nature dissipative du tube de mesure. Nous donnons des abaques pour le calcul des erreurs expérimentales commises, en fonction des grandeurs directement mesurables. Enfin, et comme corollaire, nous proposons un critère de qualité pour le classement des tubes destinés à la mesure de coefficients d'absorption et d'impédances acoustiques.
[EN] The elementary transmission line theory cannot be applied to the measurement of acoustic absorption and impedance using the stationary wave-tube method when there are appreciable energy losses in the sound wave arising from the presence of the tube walls, and it becomes necessary to invoke more complicated procedures. By means of the wave theory, the errors between the measured and the correct values of the acoustic absorption and impedances, due to measuring tube losses, are analysed. Abacuses are provided to calculate the recorded experimental errors, as a function of directly measurable quantities, R, λ 0 and d 0 (distance from rigid end to first minimum). Finally, and as a corollary, a quality criterion is proposed for the classification of tubes to be used for measurements of acoustical absorption and impedance.
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