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Cloración del agua potable en España y cáncer de vejiga

Authors: Villanueva, C.M.; Kogevinas, M.; Grimalt, J.O.;

Cloración del agua potable en España y cáncer de vejiga

Abstract

Métodos: Se han analizado los niveles de trihalometanos en 111 muestras de agua potable en 4 áreas de España utilizando cromatografía de gases. Se ha contactado con las potabilizadoras de agua y se ha analizado información sobre hábitos de consumo de agua en España. Se ha hecho una revisión de los estudios epidemiológicos que evalúan el riesgo de cáncer de vejiga asociado a la exposición a subproductos de la cloración. Se ha calculado el riesgo atribuible de cáncer de vejiga a partir de estos niveles, los datos de mortalidad por área y las estimaciones del riesgo extraídas de la bibliografía.

Methods: Trihalomethanes have been analysed in 111 drinking water samples from four Spanish areas using gas chromatography. Water utilities were contacted and information on drinking water consumption in Spain has been collected. We reviewed the epidemiological studies that assess the association between bladder cancer risk and exposure to chlorination by-products. Attributable risk was calculated on the basis of these levels, mortality data per area and risk estimates obtained from the literature.

Resultados: Los niveles de trihalometanos más altos se encuentran en la franja mediterránea, con niveles medios de 81, 80, 61 y 52 mg/l en Sabadell, Alicante, Barcelona y Manresa, respectivamente. Los valores más bajos se encuentran en Tenerife y Asturias, con 7 y 20 mg/l, respectivamente. En las áreas con niveles altos de trihalometanos el riesgo de cáncer de vejiga atribuible a los subproductos de cloración puede ser, en promedio, de un 20%.

[ESP] Objetivos: La cloración del agua potable genera trihalometanos y otros subproductos con propiedades mutágenas y cancerígenas en experimentos con animales. Los trihalometanos se han asociado en estudios epidemiológicos con un incremento del riesgo de cáncer de vejiga urinaria. Evaluamos los niveles de trihalometanos en 4 áreas de España y calculamos el riesgo de cáncer de vejiga atribuible a dicha exposición.

Este proyecto ha sido financiado parcialmente por la ayuda número 1999SGR 00241 concedida por el Comissionat Interdepartamental per Recerca i Innovació Tecnològica (CIRIT), y una beca FIS (98/1274). Cristina M. Villanueva goza de una beca de Formación de Investigación, con el apoyo del Departament d’Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

[ENG] Objectives: Drinking water chlorination generates trihalomethanes and other by-products with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in animal experiments. Epidemiological studies have associated trihalomethanes to an increased risk of bladder cancer. We evaluate trihalomethane levels in four Spanish areas and calculate the bladder cancer risk attributable to this exposure.

Results: Mediterranean areas present the highest levels of trihalomethanes with 81, 80, 61 and 52 mg/l in Sabadell, Alicante, Barcelona and Manresa respectively. Lower levels are found in Tenerife and Asturias with 7 and 20 mg/l respectively. The bladder cancer attributable risk in high trihalomethane exposure areas may be, on average, around 20%.

Conclusiones: Los niveles de trihalometanos identificados son altos en comparación con otros países de la Unión Europea. En las áreas de exposición alta la cloración del agua puede dar lugar a un número considerable de casos de cáncer de vejiga. Estas estimaciones se tienen que interpretar con cautela y verificarse con estudios más extensos.

Conclusions: The trihalomethane levels found are high compared to those of other European Union countries. In the high exposure areas, drinking water chlorination may generate a considerable number of bladder cancer cases. These estimations have to be carefully interpreted and verified with more extensive studies.

6 pages, 1 figures, 3 tables.-- PMID: 11333625 [PubMed].

Related Organizations
Keywords

Clorinated drinking water, Epidemiology, Bladder cancer, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Trihalomethane, Trihalometanos, Cáncer de vejiga, Agua clorada, Epidemiología

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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