
handle: 10261/26985
[ES] Los avances en investigación, tecnología y aplicaciones de las operaciones detersivas aumentan rápidamente. Estos siguen provocando, como durante las últimas décadas, repercusiones en muy diversos campos (domésticos, industriales, sanitarios, energéticos, medioambientales, legislativos). Para controlar en lo posible estas repercusiones, resulta necesario valorar los conocimientos actuales sobre los mecanismos de la detergencia. Este artículo de información comienza revisando los elementos esenciales de las operaciones detersivas (sustrato, suciedad, baño). A continuación discute varios factores químicofísicos clave para la eficacia en el lavado de artículos textiles. Estos factores son: a) eliminación de suciedades oleosas líquidas (por «rolling-up», o por microemulsificación); b) separación de partículas sólidas (por interacciones interfaciales y electrostáticas); c) efectos de antirredeposición (por solubilización, emulsificación o suspensión); d) influencia de la dureza del agua; y e) condiciones físicas del lavado (temperatura, agitación, tiempo). El artículo termina estableciendo la necesidad de mantener una estrecha colaboración entre expertos de diferentes campos para optimizar las operaciones detersivas, así como las repercusiones de las mismas.
[EN] Advances on research, technology and applications for detergent processes increase rapidly. They keep provoking, as during last decades, repercussions on several fields (domestic, industrial, sanitary, energetic, environmental, legislative). To control as much as possible these repercussions, it is necessary to assess the actual knowledge about detergency mechanisms. This informative article starts by reviewing the essential elements for detergent processes (substrate, soil, cleaning bath). Subsequently several physico-chemical key factors for effectiveness of the textile washing are discussed. These factors are: a) removal of liquid oily soils (by rolling-up, or by spontaneous microemulsification); b) separation of solid particles (by interfacial or electrostatic interactions); c) antiredeposition effects (by solubilization, emulsification or suspension); d) water hardness influence; e) washing physical conditions (temperature, agitation, time). The article ends by establishing the necessity for maintaining close collaboration among experts on different fields to optimize both detergent processes and their repercussions.
17 páginas, 13 figuras.-- Artículo de revisión.
Peer reviewed
Detergency, Electrostatic effect, Mecanismo, Detergencia, Microemulsión, Mechanism, Dispersion, Interfacial effect, Microemulsion, Dispersión, Efecto electrostático, Efecto interfacial
Detergency, Electrostatic effect, Mecanismo, Detergencia, Microemulsión, Mechanism, Dispersion, Interfacial effect, Microemulsion, Dispersión, Efecto electrostático, Efecto interfacial
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