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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2022
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Estudio urológico del candidato a trasplante renal

Authors: Parra López, María Loreto; Lozano Blasco, José María; Martínez-Rodríguez, Jerónimo; León-Dueñas, Eduardo; Medina López, Rafael Antonio;

Estudio urológico del candidato a trasplante renal

Abstract

[ES] La evaluación urológica en el estudio pre-trasplante es una pieza clave para garantizar el éxito del mismo. El papel del urólogo dentro de un equi- po multidisciplinar que lleva a cabo esta evaluación es fundamental para detectar y manejar ciertas patologías urológicas del receptor que podrían poner en riesgo la función y supervivencia del injerto. Los puntos clave que el urólogo debe tratar en la consul- ta pretrasplante serían: - ¿La técnica quirúrgica del trasplante renal es viable con riesgos asumibles en base a las características ba- sales del receptor? Edad biológica, esperanza de vida, estado basal, exploración física... - ¿La función vesical es adecuada para asegurar un co- rrecto almacenaje de la orina y una adecuada excre- ción de la misma? - ¿Existe una obstrucción al flujo urinario potencialmente tratable? - ¿Existen en el receptor patologías urológicas que pue- dan conllevar complicaciones en el post-trasplante que comprometan la función y supervivencia del injerto?: funcionales, infecciosas, oncológicas... - ¿En base a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular del paciente, podría existir una arteriosclerosis en el territo- rio aorto-iliaco que impida una anastomosis arterial con garantías? En este capítulo, trataremos de exponer cómo debemos orientar la consulta pre-trasplante desde el punto de vis- ta urológico, comenzando por el estudio básico has- ta el estudio más específico en base a características concretas del receptor. Además, expondremos cuáles son las cirugías pre-trasplante requeridas para eliminar condiciones de riesgo presentes en el potencial receptor que puedan comprometer la supervivencia del mismo y del injerto tras el trasplante renal así como, aquellos pro- cedimientos programados indicados tras el trasplante.

[EN] Urological evaluation is essential to guar- antee the success of the kidney transplant. Urologists working within a multidisciplinary team have a crucial role to detect and manage certain recipient urological conditions that could jeopardize the function and surviv- al of the graft. The critical aspects that Urologists should consider in the pre-transplant evaluation would be: - Is renal transplantation surgical technique feasible with assumable risks based on the recipient’s baseline char- acteristics? age, life expectancy, performance status, physical examination... - Is bladder function adequate to properly ensure the urine storage and voiding? - Is there a potentially treatable urinary flow obstruction? - Are there urological pathologies in the recipient that could lead to post-transplant complications that compro- mise graft survival: functional, infectious, oncological comorbidities...? - Based on the patient’s cardiovascular risk factors, arte- riosclerosis in the aorto-iliac territory colud put at risk the arterial anastomosis? In this chapter, we will try to explain how the pre-trans- plant urological evaluation should be guided according to the specific recipient characteristics. We will also explain which pre-transplant surgeries are required to avoid some risky that may compromise the recipient and graft survival after renal transplantation, as well as those should be postponed after transplantation.

Dedicado a: Trasplante Renal.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Pre-transplant nephrectomy, Trasplante renal, Pre-transplant study, Nefrectomía pretrasplante, Lower urinary tract obstruction, Urological tumour screening, Renal transplantation, Estudio pre-trasplante. Obstrucción del tracto urinario inferior, Cribado de tumores urológicos

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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