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Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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Tetrahedron Letters
Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
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Minimizing side reactions during amide formation using DIC and oxymapure in solid-phase peptide synthesis

Authors: Manne, Srinivasa Rao; El-Faham, Ayman; de la Torre, Beatriz G.; Albericio, Fernando;

Minimizing side reactions during amide formation using DIC and oxymapure in solid-phase peptide synthesis

Abstract

N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) and OxymaPure are the reagents of choice for the formation of peptide bonds in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS). The combined use of DIC and OxymaPure in model cases can be accompanied by a serious side reaction with the ultimate formation of oxadiazole and HCN. Here we demonstrate, in a practical case, that the first step of the reaction (formation of an adduct) takes place with approximately 1% respect to the amount of OxymaPure. Furthermore, we found that the second part of the side-reaction (formation of oxadiazole and HCN) can be minimized and even suppressed with an appropriate protocol for the sequence of reagent addition. Thus, the best conditions are preactivation of the Fmoc-amino acid with only DIC for 2–5 min followed by addition of the resulting mixture to the peptide-resin. OxymaPure can be added to the resin before adding the preactivation mixture or after first adding the preactivation mixture, the latter approach giving the best results. Ultimately, in standard research conditions, the combined use of DIC and OxymaPure as coupling method in SPPS is safe. We thank Yoav Luxembourg (Luxembourg Bio Technologies) for encouraging this work and for the generous gift of the DIC and OxymaPure. The authors acknowledge the American Chemical Society (ACS) Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) Pharmaceutical Roundtable Ignition grant awarded to SRM. The work was partially funded by National Research Foundation (NRF) (Blue Sky’s Research Programme # 120386). Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Carbodiimides, Solid-phase peptide synthesis, HCN formation, Oxadiazole, Side-reaction

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
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