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DIGITAL.CSIC
Master thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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Producción de derivados pécticos a partir de subproductos industriales de naranja en un contexto de sostenibilidad y economía circular

Authors: Luengo Sanz, Sergio;

Producción de derivados pécticos a partir de subproductos industriales de naranja en un contexto de sostenibilidad y economía circular

Abstract

[ES]: La extracción a escala industrial de zumo de naranja genera una gran cantidad de residuos que afectan al medio ambiente y dan lugar a importantes pérdidas económicas. En el presente estudio se han obtenido pectinas procedentes de subproductos de la industria elaboradora de zumo de naranja con el fin de avanzar en el reaprovechamiento de los residuos de procesos industriales para contribuir a un crecimiento sostenible y a la disminución del impacto medioambiental. En este trabajo se ha partido de cuatro subproductos industriales diferentes (tres sólidos y un licor), de los cuales se seleccionó el sustrato que mayor rendimiento permitía obtener en cuanto a la obtención de pectina (residuo fresco de naranja liofilizado o “FOR liofilizado”). Se ha estudiado el efecto de diferentes procesos de extracción y se ha realizado una exhaustiva caracterización química y fisicoquímica, así como una evaluación de la funcionalidad tecnológica y biológica. En comparación con una pectina de cítricos comercial se observó un enriquecimiento de las pectinas industriales en RG-I con ramificaciones de arabinano y arabinogalactano, lo cual podría ser interesante desde el punto de vista de funcionalidad biológica. Todos los derivados pécticos mostraron un comportamiento bimodal en su análisis por HPSEC-ELSD, que pudo ser debido a la despolimerización parcial de la pectina antes de su extracción durante su almacenamiento en la industria. Las pectinas mostraron una buena capacidad antioxidante, influyendo la temperatura de extracción, la Mw y la composición monomérica. En cuanto a las propiedades tecno-funcionales, las pectinas demostraron buena capacidad de retener agua, aceite e hincharse y pectinas con mayor contenido en proteína presentaron mejor capacidad de emulsificación. Finalmente, a partir de las pectinas obtenidas, se planteó la obtención de ácido múcico, compuesto muy utilizado en la industria agroalimentaria, demostrando ser una fuente potencial de dicho ácido. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo tienen gran relevancia práctica para las industrias del sector de la elaboración de zumos cítricos. Así, la empresa financiadora del estudio con la información obtenida, pretende implementar el proceso de extracción de pectina y derivados en línea con el de elaboración de zumos de naranja. Hasta el momento dicha empresa, la única salida que tenía para las cáscaras y la pulpa de naranja era su deshidratación y elaboración de pellets para la alimentación del ganado, con elevados gastos energéticos en las plantas de procesado.

[EN]: The industrial-scale extraction of orange juice generates a large amount of waste, which affects the environment and results in significant economic losses. In this study, pectins from by-products of the orange juice processing industry have been obtained in order to advance in the reuse of waste from industrial processes that contributes to sustainable growth and the reduction in environmental impact. In this work, four different by-products (three solids and one liqueur) have been studied, from which the substrate with the highest yield in terms of pectin extraction (Fresh Orange Residue or “FOR liofilizado”) was selected. The effect of different extraction processes has been studied and an exhaustive chemical and physicochemical characterization has been carried out, as well as an evaluation of the technological and biological functionality. In comparison with commercial citrus pectin, an enrichment of the pectins in RG-I with arabinan and arabinogalactan ramifications was observed, which could be interesting regarding their biological functionality. All the pectic derivatives showed a bimodal behavior when analyzed by HPSEC-ELSD, which could be due to the partial depolymerization of the pectin before its extraction during its storage in the industry. The pectins showed a great antioxidant capacity, influencing the extraction temperature, the Mw and the monomer composition. Regarding the techno-functional properties, a great capacity to retain water, oil and swelling, was observed, and higher protein content in pectins produced higher emulsifying capacity values. Finally, pectins were proposed as a source to obtain mucic acid, a compound widely used in the agri-food industry. Results obtained in this work have great practical relevance for industries in the citrus juice production sector. As a matter of fact, financial company, intends to implement the pectin extraction process in line with that of orange juice production, as to date, the only outlet for the orange peel and pulp consists in their dehydration and production of pellets for livestock feed, producing high energy costs in the processing plants.

Máster en Nuevos Alimentos.

Peer reviewed

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Spain
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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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