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Cinética de carbonatación de morteros experimentales de cal de tipo romano

Authors: Sánchez Moral, Sergio; García-Guinea, Javier; Luque Ripoll, L. de; González-Martín, Rafael; López-Arce, Paula;

Cinética de carbonatación de morteros experimentales de cal de tipo romano

Abstract

[EN] The kinetic parameterisation of lime mortar carbonation is a useful technique for understanding ancient building methods and the long-lived physical-chemical stability of roman monuments. Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) binders harden in the air on contact with atmospheric CO2, producing CaCO3. Water evaporation and the presence of silicate aggregates have a three-fold effect: prompting the development of a pore system that permits CO2, self-diffusion, reducing shrinkage and cracking during drying and (possibly) giving rise to subsequent pozzolanic reactions. The present survey involved air-hardening a series of roman-like lime mortars which differed in terms of: (i) type of aggregate, volcanic tephra and arkose; (ii) aggregate/binder ratio, 1:2 as used in the catacombs and 1:4 as found in standard roman construction and (iii) temperature, the 17 ºC prevailing in underground environments and the 30 ºC typical of warm Mediterranean areas. The analyses that provided the most useful information were performed in a classic X-ray diffractometer adapted to accommodate an author-designed chamber in which temperature control was achieved by an internal refrigerant and a PID-governed electrical heater Additional data were obtained with DTA and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The tests conducted on the Roman-like lime mortars manufactured for the experiment showed that the hardening temperature is a critical factor in the initial phases of carbonation. Calcite precipitation rates and total mineral precipitation increased with temperature, but fell very quickly as calcite precipitated. In theoretical calculations assuming an open reactor with continuous CO2, input, total calcitisation time was found to be 156 m in. at 30 ºC and 175 min. at 17 ºC, whilst in the mortars actually hardened in the experimental part of the study, calcitisation gradually blocked the flow or CO2, gas into the system. Roman-like mortars air-hardened at 30 ºC displayed higher initial calcitisation rates, early system closure and low final carbonation levels. The calcitisation rates of mortars made with pozzolana aggregates were higher than the arkose mortar rates due to the higher intra-particle porosity (nearly 40%) of the volcanic rock fragments.

[ES] El estudio de los parámetros de la reacción de carbonatación de morteros de cal constituye una técnica útil para comprender las antigüas técnicas empleadas y la estabilidad físico-química de importantes monumentos romanos. La matriz de portlandita (Ca(OH)2) se endurece expuesta al aire al entrar en contacto con el CO2 atmosférico, produciendo CaCO3; los áridos junto a la evaporación del agua de amasado inducen el desarrollo de un sistema poroso que favorece la difusión del CO2 , reducen la retracción y fisuración durante su secado y pueden dar lugar a posteriores reacciones puzolánicas. Se analiza un mortero fraguado al aire en condiciones semejantes a las empleadas en la antigua Roma, combinando tres variables: (i) tipo de árido, piroclastos volcánicos y arcosas; (ii) proporción árido/matriz, 1:2 utilizada en las catacumbas de Roma y 1:4 en las construcciones romanas y (iii) temperatura, 17 ºC registrada en hipogeos romanos y 30 ºC temperatura estival en éste área Mediterránea. Se ha utilizado un Difractómetro de Rayos X tradicional con refrigeración interna y control térmico; ademéis se llevaron a cabo análisis por DTA y microscopía electrónica ambiental (ESEM). Los experimentos muestran que la temperatura es el factor crítico que controla las primeras fases del proceso de carbonatación. La velocidad de precipitación de calcita aumenta con la temperatura, pero tras cierto tiempo la proporción de calcita es notablemente superior con baja temperatura. Asumiendo un sistema con aporte continuo de CO2, a una solución saturada en portlandita, la calcitización total se produciría tras 156 minutos a 30 ºC y 175 minutos a 7 ºC; sin embargo, el experimental muestra que la propia calcitización bloquea el acceso de CO2 al sistema. Los procesos a alta temperatura (30 ºC) muestran una velocidad de calcitización inicial mayor, pero el sistema se cierra rápidamente, produciendo una baja carbonatación total. Los morteros con árido volcánico muestran mayorecs tasas de carbonatación que los de arcosas, lo que se explica por una mayor porosidad de los fragmentos de roca volcánica (40%) que permite una mayor difusión del CO2, y almacenamiento de agua.

Este estudio ha sido financiado por los Proyectos de Investigación españoles MCYT IFD 1997-0561, CICYT-JCCM (2002) y el Proyecto de la Unión europea CATS EVK4-CT200-00028 sobre la prevención del deterioro biogénico de las catacumbas de Roma.

16 páginas, 5 figuras, 1 tabla.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Cinética, Kinetics, Roman mortar, in-situ DRX, Pozzolana, Carbonatación, MEBA, Carbonation, ATD-TG, Lime mortar, Morteros romanos, Puzolana, Morteros de cal

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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