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En torno a la educación intercultural. Una revisión crítica

Authors: Osuna Nevado, Carmen;

En torno a la educación intercultural. Una revisión crítica

Abstract

[ES] El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir al análisis de la educación intercultural partiendo de la paradójica cercanía de los contextos europeos y latinoamericanos. Si bien surgen en momentos diferentes y por motivos aparentemente opuestos, es mi intención demostrar a lo largo de mi argumentación que tendencias comunes como la «esencialización» y «reesencialización» de conceptos como cultura y etnicidad desembocan en modelos y enfoques de atención a la diversidad cultural diferentes que, lejos de contribuir a la transformación de la escuela y de la sociedad, tienden a hacer que las desigualdades sociales sean más profundas. A través de una lectura crítica de aportaciones de diversos teóricos y estudiosos procedentes de ambos contextos y de diferentes disciplinas, me propongo analizar los posibles resquicios que la llamada «educación intercultural» esconde tras una desbordante atención ante las diferencias o semejanzas «grupales y de identidad» en detrimento de una atención a «las personas». En este camino, destaco ideas que considero fundamentales como, por ejemplo, el permanente cuestionamiento de nuestro papel como agentes en la sociedad, el sistema que nos rodea, nuestras prácticas y sus consecuencias. Mi principal contribución se centra en una nueva propuesta de educación intercultural que, inserta en un enfoque holístico, se basa en el apoderamiento de una educación antirracista. Dado que los niños viven a diario en contextos desiguales permeados de un universo infinito de formas de discriminación, planteo la importancia de una educación que no aspire a superar el racismo (utópico desde mi punto de vista) sino a generar espacios de diálogo en los que se ofrezcan herramientas para enfrentar las desigualdades estructurales y las adscripciones de identidad que no siempre se eligen o aceptan de manera voluntaria. Una nueva propuesta de educación intercultural que intenta ser válida más allá de la geografía.

[EN] This paper’s aim is to contribute to the analysis of intercultural education, using as a starting point the paradoxical closeness between European and Latin-American contexts. Intercultural education on the two sides of the Atlantic started at different times and because of apparently different reasons, but it is the author’s intention to show that both perspectives essentialize and re-essentialize concepts such as culture and ethnicity, that these processes have the same effects in policies and programmes designed to address diversity, and finally that they deepen social inequality at the same time. Thanks to a critical review of the main academic contributions to the analysis of cultural diversity from both contexts and from different disciplines, the author will show that group identities are overrepresented in the scaffolding of intercultural education, to the extent that individuals as such seem to have been left out of the process. Some ideas are stressed that the author feels are of top importance, such as the relevance of reflections on our own practices and their implications. The paper’s main contribution is to propose a new intercultural education approach framed within a holistic approach and based upon a process of empowering people, thanks to anti-racist education. Since children live daily in unequal contexts surrounded by an infinite universe of forms of discrimination, the author proposes an education whose goal is not to try to overcome racism itself (a Utopian aspiration in the author’s opinion), but to open up spaces for dialogue and provide tools for overcoming structural inequalities, while avoiding identity assignments that have been not voluntarily chosen or accepted. This proposal thus attempts to overcome geographic contexts.

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación Estrategias de participación y prevención de racismo en las escuelas II (ffi2009-08762).

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Diferencias culturales, Cultural policies, integración social, cultural differences, discriminación racial, diversidad cultural, educación intercultural, políticas culturales, educación inter-cultural, desigualdad social, Racism, Cultural diversity, racism, integración escolar, social inequality, intercultural education, Políticas culturales, cultural policies, Diversidad cultural, diferencias culturales, Racismo, pluralismo cultural, Desigualdad social, Cultural differences, racismo, Intercultural education, Educación intercultural, cultural diversity, Social inequalities

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green