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La biodiversidad y el carbono orgánico del suelo son esenciales para revertir la desertificación

Authors: Muñoz Rojas, M.; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Lucas-Borja, M. E.;

La biodiversidad y el carbono orgánico del suelo son esenciales para revertir la desertificación

Abstract

[ES]: La biodiversidad y el carbono orgánico del suelo, así como la interacción entre ambos, juegan papeles esenciales en el mantenimiento y regulación de los servicios ecosistémicos de las zonas secas, desde la fertilidad del suelo a la producción de alimentos. El cambio climático y los impactos antrópicos pueden provocar pérdidas en la biodiversidad y carbono del suelo, lo cual puede resultar en alteraciones de los ciclos del carbono y la funcionalidad de los ecosistemas derivando en procesos acelerados de desertificación. Es necesario, por tanto, mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre la compleja diversidad biológica del suelo, así como su interacción con el carbono orgánico en las zonas secas. Esto nos permitirá diseñar estrategias efectivas para promover el secuestro de carbono en el suelo, contribuyendo así a revertir los procesos de degradación y desertificación. En esta revisión discutimos la importancia de la biodiversidad y el carbono orgánico del suelo de las zonas secas en un contexto de cambio global, definiendo la relación entre ambos y su respuesta a factores climáticos y degradación. También destacamos el uso de herramientas avanzadas tales como la genómica, y practicas relevantes de manejo del suelo que nos permitan incrementar los contenidos de carbono y mejorar la diversidad y funcionalidad de suelo en las zonas secas, con el fin último de prevenir y revertir la desertificación.

[EN]: Soil biodiversity, organic carbon, and their interactions, play critical roles for the maintenance and regulation of ecosystem services in drylands, including soil fertility and food production, among others. Climate change and anthropogenic impacts can result in soil carbon and biodiversity decreases, which can cause alterations of the carbon cycle and the loss of essential ecosystem functions. It is therefore crucial to advance our knowledge on the complex soil biological diversity, and its interactions with the soil organic carbon in drylands. This information will allow us to design effective strategies for carbon sequestration, thus contributing to reverse desertification. In this review, we discuss the importance of the soil biodiversity and organic carbon in drylands in a global change context and underline their interactions and their responses to climate change and degradation. We also highlight the use of novel techniques recently developed, including genomics, and effective soil management practices for promoting soil biodiversity and enhancing soil carbon levels, to ultimately, halt degradation and desertification.

La investigación de MMR está financiada por el Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (DE180100570) y la Hermon Slade Foundation (HSF18-8). La investigación de M.D-B. está apoyada por un proyecto I+D+i 2020 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (PID2020-115813RA-I00), y un proyecto PAIDI 2020 de la Junta de Andalucía (P20_00879). MELB recibe financiación de la Universidad de Castilla La Mancha.

10 páginas.- 3 figuras.- referencias.- MONOGRÁFICO: Desertificación: nuevos enfoques para un viejo problema

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Microbial inoculation, Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15, Climate change, http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13, Soil carbon, Soil microbial communities, Desertification, Organic amendments

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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