
handle: 10261/251894
[ES] La tasa de fecundidad en España es actualmente de las más bajas del mundo: 1,23 hijos por mujer, lo que condiciona en buena medida el ritmo de envejecimiento demográfico y el tamaño de la futura población económicamente activa. Por ello, la persistencia de un nivel tan bajo de fecundidad en una población cada vez más longeva supone un importante reto para la sostenibilidad del Estado de Bienestar. A pesar del marcado descenso de la fecundidad, el número medio de hijos deseado se mantiene desde hace décadas en torno a dos hijos. Esta brecha evidente entre deseos y realidades reproductivas apunta a la existencia de barreras que dificultan a muchas personas y parejas hacer realidad su proyecto vital y familiar. Entre estas barreras se encuentran la precariedad laboral y la incertidumbre sobre el futuro, el escaso apoyo institucional a las responsabilidades de crianza, y la desigualdad de género en el ámbito laboral y familiar. Aunque no hay «recetas mágicas» para incentivar la fecundidad, una mejora en el acceso, estabilidad y calidad del empleo entre los adultos jóvenes permitiría atenuar el desfase que existe actualmente entre el reloj biológico y el reloj social. Otra medida fundamental sería reducir las dificultades existentes para compaginar responsabilidades familiares y laborales.
[EN] The Spanish fertility rate is currently the lowest in the world at 1.23 children per woman, which will primarily impact the rate of demographic ageing and the size of the economically active population in the future. Accordingly, the persistence of such a low fertility rate in a population that is increasingly living for longer represents an important challenge for the sustainability of the welfare state. Despite the marked decline in fertility, the average number of desired children has remained around two for decades. This clear divide between reproductive desire and reality reflects the existence of barriers that are making it harder for many people and couples to realise their life and family plans. These barriers include job insecurity and uncertainty about the future, low levels of institutional support for raising children, and gender inequality in the workplace and the home. Although there are no silver bullets to incentivise fertility, improvements to the access, stability and quality of employment among young adults would help to mitigate the mismatch that currently exists between their biological and social clocks. Another fundamental measure would be to reduce existing difficulties around sharing family and work responsibilities.
Con autorización de la revista para autores CSIC.
Peer reviewed
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