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handle: 10261/251827 , 10261/251868
[ES] En el presente trabajo se estudia la inducción de esferoplastos de Pseudomonas, ocasionada por distintos antibióticos que actúan a nivel de pared y membrana bacterianas, y se comparan con los producidos mediante lisozima. Se comprueba que esta enzima no produce esferoplastos en ausencia de EDTA y que la relación óptima, entre ambos, es de 1:10 para las estirpes patógenas ensayadas. En cuanto a los antibióticos, se utilizaron dos procedimientos de inducción, uno, rápido, con dosis altamente inhibidoras y otro, lento, con distintas dosis subinhibidoras. Fueron los más activos aquellos que actuaron a nivel de membrana como la polimixina y colimicina, aunque su acción debe controlarse cuidadosamente porque es más fácil que se Usen los esferoplastos obtenidos. El grado de actividad inductora, entre los que actúan a nivel de pared, en orden decreciente fue: cefalosporina, penicilina, bacitracina, novobiocina y fosfomicina. En cuanto a la virulencia de los esferoplastos obtenidos con los diferentes antibióticos, mostraron una mayor patogenicidad los inducidos por bacitracina y novobiocina; se supone que por contener más restos de pared o por una más fácil reversión in vivo a la forma bacilar.
[EN] Pseudomonas spheroplasts induced by the presence of antibiotics acting on the bacterial envelopes v^ere comparatively studied. For this purpose, according to the antibiotic concentrations and treatment periods, two different induction methods were used and the results were compared with those produced by lysozyme and lysozyme + EDTA. The bacterial pathogenic strains used show a high resistance against the action of the isolated enzyme while sormal spheroplasts were obtained with 100 fxg of lysozyme + 1 mg of EDTA during 45 min. In relation with the antibiotic action, drugs acting on the bacterial membrane (polymyxin B and cohstine) were the most active. With the antibiotics acting on the cell wall, the intensity of their variable inductive actions appeared decreasingly from cephalosporine, penicillin, bacitracin, novobiocin to phosphomicin. Spheroplasts obtained with bacitracin and novobiocin show a stronger pathogenicity, possibly it might be due to a greater proportion of cell wall in these spheroplasts.
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