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handle: 10261/246676 , 10810/40526
[ES]: Esta tesis expone un estudio detallado sobre la síntesis en superficie de nanotiras de grafeno (en inglés 'Graphene Nanoribbons', GNRs) y la posterior caracterización de su estructura electrónica, principalmente empleando como técnica analítica, microscopía y espectroscopía de barrido de efecto túnel de baja temperatura (en inglés 'Low temperature-Scanning Tunnneling Microscopy/Spectrosocopy', LT-STM/STS) en condiciones de ultra alto vacío (en inglés 'Ultra High Vacuum', UHV). Para la obtención de los resultados detallados en esta tesis, se han empleado dos equipos de microscopía independientes, ambos ubicados en San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa). En primer lugar, 'Milano', un microscopio ensamblado a partir de elementos de distintios equipos y ubicado en el centro de investigación cooperativo 'CIC nanoGUNE'. En segundo lugar, 'Apollo', un equipo comercial Sigma-Omicron y situado en el instituto de investigación 'Centro de Física de Materiales' (CFM). Paralelamente al uso de estos microscopios, distintas técnicas de análisis de superficies, en concreto, espectroscopía de fotoemisión de rayos x (en ingles 'X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy', XPS) y de ángulo resuelto (en inglés 'Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy'), han complementado el estudio de las distintas reacciones de química de superficie que dan pie a la formación de las nanotiras de grafeno, así como el posterior estudio de sus propiedades electrónicas. El trabajo realizado durante esta tesis se enmarca dentro del campo científico conocido como 'nanociencia', definiendose esta como la rama de la ciencia centrada en el estudio de los fenómenos físico-químicos que se suceden en sistemas cuyas propiedades están gobernadas por las dimensiones que las definen, comprendiendose estas entre 1 y 100 nanometros.
[EN]: This thesis presents a comprenhensive study on the on-surface synthesis and characterization of the electronic structure of di erent types of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) formed on coinage metallic surfaces, being gold the most present substrate. Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are a new emergent material which is gaining considerable attention within the scientific community due to its wide-range potential applications derived from its exotic physical and chemical properties. Since GNRs derive from graphene, they preserve many of its interesting properties, such as the highest electron conductivity. In adittion, the reduced dimensionality of GNRs provide them with a tunable non-zero electrical band gap, no present in graphene, and required for its implementation into electronic devices. Moreover, and again in contrast with graphene, the presence of edges in GNRs brings the emergence of magnetic edge states with promising applications in spintronics. We employ on-surface chemistry startegies based on the use of aromatic molecular precursors for synthesizing the different GNRs studied here. By thermal annealing, we induce a controlled two-step reaction pathway to form these nanostructures onto different coinage metallic substrates, since their catalytic activity is needed for the product formation. The two chemical reaction accounted involves firstly, the merging of the molecular precursors into commonly linear polymric chains thorugh the well-known and controlled Ullmann coupling. In a second stage, higher temperatures induce the ciclodehydrogenation of the former polymers, giving rise to the formation of planar graphene nanoribbons.
This thesis has been carried out at Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Centro de Física de Materiales - Materials Physics Center (CFM-MPC), and CIC nanoGUNE: nanoscience cooperative research center.
Peer reviewed
electron microscopy, microscopia electrónica, electron states, estados electrónicos
electron microscopy, microscopia electrónica, electron states, estados electrónicos
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