Arthropods are the most diversified animals on Earth. The morphology of the digestive system has been widely studied in insects; however, crustaceans have received comparatively little attention. This study describes the hindgut tract of the common spider crab Maja brachydactyla Balss, 1922, in larvae and adults using dissection, light and electron microscopical analyses. The hindgut tract maintains a similar general shape in larvae and adults. Major differences among stages are found in the morphology of epithelial cells and microspines, the thickness of the cuticle and connective-like tissue, and the presence of rosette glands (only in adults). Here, we provide the description of the sub-cellular structure of the folds, epithelium (conformed by tendon cells), musculature, and microspines of the hindgut of larvae and adults of M. brachydactyla. The morphological features of the hindgut of M. brachydactyla are compared with those of other arthropods (Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnida). Our results suggest that the morphology of the hindgut is associated mainly with transport of faeces. In adults, the hindgut may also exert an osmoregulatory function, as described in other arthropods. At difference from holometabolous insets, the hindgut of M. brachydactyla (Decapoda) does not undergo a true metamorphic change during development, but major changes observed between larval and adult stages might respond to the different body size between life stages.