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handle: 10261/245364
[EN] Secondary creep has most generally been associated with a rather steady structure. Many models have been suggested to explain the constant strain rate in terms of the effective stress which is determined by the structurally-dependent internal stresses. The internal stresses deduced macroscopically have been of the order of half the applied stress. In this article, by pinning the dislocations under load in an Al-Zn alloy, the evolution of the structure and local effective stresses with strain has been identified by electron microscopy. Values of local effective stresses at the subgrain boundaries ranging between 10-20 times the applied stress have been measured. The emission of dislocations from these boundaries and the evolution of substructure within the subgrain interior indicate that the controlling mechanism during the creep process is the relaxation of internal stresses by this emission. At the same time, the subboundary stress-fields existing in different subgrains determine their different behaviour as a function of time. Hard and soft subgrains alternate in the deformation process to produce overall uniform strain. [FR] Le fluage secondaire a été le plus souvent associé à une structure plutôt constante. De nombreux modèles ont été proposés pour expliquer la vitesse de déformation constante à partir de la contrainte effective déterminée par les contraintes internes dépendant de la structure. Les contraintes internes déduites macroscopiquement étaient de l'ordre de la moitié de la contrainte appliquée. Dans cet article, nous avons précisé par microscopie électronique l'évolution de la structure et des contraintes effectives locales en fonction de la déformation, en ancrant les dislocations sous charge dans un alliage Al-Zn. Nous avons mesuré des valeurs des contraintes effectives locales aux sous-joints de grains comprises entre 10 et 20 fois la contrainte appliquée. L'émission de dislocations hors de ces sous-joints et l'évolution de la sous-structure à l'intérieur des sous-grains montrent que le mécanisme qui contrôle le phénomène de fluage est la relaxation des contraintes internes par cette émission. En même temps, les champs de contrainte des sous-joints qui existent dans différents sous-grains déterminent leur comportement différent en fonction du temps. Au cours de la déformation, on a des sous-grains alternativement durs et mous qui donnent une déformation globale uniforme.
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