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Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Representación tridimensional de objetos arqueológicos: una propuesta de arqueología virtual

Three-dimensional representation of archaeological objects: a virtual archaeology proposal
Authors: Felicísimo, Ángel M.; Durán Domínguez, Guadalupe; Tortosa, Trinidad; Morán, Carlos J.; Soto, María de los Reyes de; Polo, María Eugenia; Rodero, Alicia;

Representación tridimensional de objetos arqueológicos: una propuesta de arqueología virtual

Abstract

[ES]: La construcción de modelos 3D es ya común, con bastantes ejemplos de programas de digitalización en museos e instituciones similares. Aún quedan, sin embargo, cuestiones pendientes de mejora con el objetivo general de elaborar modelos fieles, especialmente en color, dimensiones y textura. Estas líneas de investigación forman parte de los proyectos DIÁSPORA y REMAN3D, donde estamos trabajando en la mejora de técnicas para la construcción y documentación de modelos 3D de objetos arqueológicos. Las técnicas usadas son el escaneo con luz estructurada y la fotogrametría. Los trabajos realizados han permitido que en estos momentos se puedan construir modelos con calidad métrica contrastada, color calibrado y alta resolución de la mayoría de los objetos arqueológicos y obras de arte de un museo. En este trabajo se exponen los principales procesos y métodos seguidos en los proyectos de modelización 3D, así como algunos de los problemas que se ha conseguido resolver mediante la aplicación de técnicas fotográficas específicas, especialmente la iluminación por polarización cruzada, el «focus stacking» y un método específico de calibración del color. Finalmente, se expone el método desarrollado para fusionar modelos fotogramétricos y escaneados para conseguir la máxima calidad métrica y colorimétrica simultáneamente.

[EN]: The construction of 3D models is already common, with many examples of scanning programs in museums and similar institutions. However, there are still issues to be improved with the general objective of producing faithful models, especially in colour, dimensions and texture. These lines of research are part of the projects DIÁSPORA and REMAN3D, where we are working on the improvement of techniques for the construction and documentation of 3D models of archaeological objects. The techniques used are structured-light scanning and photogrammetry. The work carried out has enabled us to build models with verified metric quality, calibrated colour and high resolution of most archaeological objects and works of art in a museum. In this work, the main processes and methods followed in 3D modelling projects are presented, as well as some of the problems that have been solved through the application of specific photographic techniques, especially cross-polarisation illumination, focus stacking and a specific method of colour calibration. Finally, the method developed to merge photogrammetric and scanned models to achieve maximum metric and colorimetric quality simultaneously is presented.

DIÁSPORA (proyecto IB16212) es financiado con una ayuda para proyectos de investigación en los centros públicos de I+D+i de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura (Secretaría General de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovación y Universidad, Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital, Junta de Extremadura). REMAN3D (proyecto HAR2017-87897-P) es financiado por el Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación).

Peer reviewed

Keywords

2209.90 Tratamiento Digital. Imágenes, Modelado 3D, Digitization, 5505.01 Arqueología, Scanner, Cultural Heritage, Patrimonio cultural, 3D modelling, Arqueología, 3D modeling, Fotogrametría, Archaeology, Digitalización, Photogrammetry, Cultural heritage, 5101.06 Museología, Escáner

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