The study of the brain will tell us what makes us humans and how our social behavior generates. Increasing our understanding of how the brain functions and interactswith the ecosystem to interpretthe world will not only help to find effective means to treat and/or cure neurological and psychiatric disordersbut will also change our vision on questions pertaining to philosophy and humanities and transform other fields such as economy and law. Neurosciencesresearch at the CSIC is already valuable and should be intensified mainly focused on the eight main challenges described in this chapter.

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