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El aceite de oliva virgen y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Perfil lipídico en plasma y composición lipídica de la membrana de eritrocito humano

Authors: Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina; Muriana, Francisco J. G.; Villar, José;

El aceite de oliva virgen y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Perfil lipídico en plasma y composición lipídica de la membrana de eritrocito humano

Abstract

[ES] Se estudió el efecto del aceite de oliva virgen sobre los lípidos plasmáticos y de la membrana de eritrocito de sujetos sanos y pacientes hipertensos (normo- e hipercolesterolémicos). Los resultados se compararon con los de otra dieta enriquecida con aceite de girasol alto-oleico. Cada período de la inten/ención dietética tuvo una duración de 4 semanas, con 4 semanas de retomo a la dieta basal entre las dietas ricas en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados. Ambos aceites (oliva virgen y girasol alto-oleico) aumentaron significativamente lá concentración plasmática de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) en los tres grupos experimentales, aunque tan sólo disminuyeron la concentración plasmática de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) en los sujetos sanos. Hubo una reducción drástica de la relación colesterol/ fosfolípidos en la membrana de eritrocito de sujetos sanos, mientras que un aumento significativo en el eritrocito de pacientes hipertensos tras las dietas monoinsaturadas. El contenido en esteres de colesterd disminuyó en los tres grupos experimentales. El aceite de oliva virgen, a diferencia del aceite de girasol alto-oleico, aumentó el contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (incluyendo el ácido araquidónico, y los ácidos docosapentaenoico y docosahexaenoico de la familia n-3) de la membrana de eritrocito de pacientes hipertensos. Estos efectos fueron mayores cuanto mayor fue el riesgo cardiovascular (hipercolesterolemia). Nuestro estudio parece indicar que tanto el aceite de oliva virgen como el de girasol alto-oleico mejoran el perfil aterogénico en el plasma sanguíneo de humanos, si bien el aceite de oliva virgen (y no el aceite de girasol alto-oleico) actúa favorablemente sobre los procesos de homeostasis de las membranas celulares

[EN] We studied the effect of virgin olive oil on plasma lipids and erythrocyte membrane lipids of healthy subjects and hypertensive patients (with or without hypercholesterolaemia). The effect of high-oleic sunflower oil was also tested. The study was conducted over two 4-week periods, with a washout (4-week) period between both monounsaturated diets. Olive oil and high-oleic sunflower oil signiflcantly increased the plasma HDL cholesterol concentration, but only decreased the plasma LDL cholesterol concentration in healtiiy subjects. There was a reduction in the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane of healthy subjects, while an increase in the erythrocyte of hypertensive patients after both MUFA periods. The content of membrane cholesteryl esters was fully decreased. Olive oil (but not high-oleic sunflower oil) increased the content of long-chain PUFAs (arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids of n-3 family) in the erythrocyte membrane of hypertensive patients. The effects were more evident in hypercholesterolaemic patients. Our study indicates that olive oil and high-oleic sunflower oil improve the plasma atherogenic profile In humans, although olive oil (and not high-oleic sunflower oil) had favourable effect on membrane homeostasis processes.

Agradecemos a la Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) por el apoyo económico al presente estudio mediante el Proyecto ALI 96-0456.

21 páginas, 6 figuras, 10 tablas.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Lípidos plasmáticos, Aceite de girasol alto oleico, Aceite de oliva virgen, Lípidos de membrana, Plasma lipids, Virgin olive oil, Humans, Hipertensión esencial, Membrane lipids, High oleic sunflower oil, Essential hypertension, Humanos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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