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Emilio Terrero y Perinat, un reformista al frente del gobierno general de Filipinas (1885- 1888)

Authors: Elizalde Pérez-Grueso, María Dolores;

Emilio Terrero y Perinat, un reformista al frente del gobierno general de Filipinas (1885- 1888)

Abstract

[ES] En este trabajo se presenta un estudio crítico de la política reformista llevada a cabo por el teniente general Emilio Terrero y Perinat durante su mandato como gobernador general de Filipinas, en los años 1885 a 1888, y de los efectos que tuvo sobre el acontecer de las islas y la convivencia entre distintos grupos de población. Terrero, un militar nombrado por los conservadores, pero que ejerció buena parte de su tarea con los liberales, aplicó en el archipiélago importantes reformas decididas por el gobierno metropolitano, como fueron el esfuerzo por una mayor asimilación de las islas a la Península, la aplicación de los códigos civil y penal en Filipinas, la aprobación de un nuevo código de comercio, la introducción de los gobernadores civiles y de los juzgados de primera instancia como una forma de separar el poder ejecutivo del judicial, el fomento del castellano como lengua común de todas las autoridades, peninsulares e indígenas, el desarrollo de las infraestructuras, o los intentos por restringir el poder de las órdenes religiosas en la vida policía del archipiélago. Ello le ganó el aprecio de aquellos sectores convencidos de la necesidad de modernizar la administración de las islas, así como de buena parte de las élites filipinas. Sin embargo, le granjeó la oposición de los partidarios del mantenimiento del statu quo en las islas, a fin de no alentar corrientes independentistas, y muy especialmente de las órdenes religiosas, con las que mantuvo serios enfrentamientos que llevaron a su destitución. En el artículo se refleja, así, la lucha entablada entre reformistas y antirreformistas y la reacción de los filipinos ante esas tensiones, evidenciada en los incidentes de Binondo, en la manifestación de marzo de 1888 o en las misivas enviadas a la reina defendiendo la gestión de Terrero y sus colaboradores.

[EN] This paper presents a critical study of the reform policy pursued by Lieutenant General Emilio Terrero and Perinat during his tenure as governor general of the Philippines in the years 1885-1888, and also analyzes the effects it had on the events of the islands and coexistence between different population groups. Terrero, a military appointed by the Conservatives, but who held much of his work with the Liberals, applied in the archipelago important reforms decided by the metropolitan government, as were the efforts for greater assimilation of the islands to the metropolis, the application of the civil and criminal codes in the Philippines, the approval of a new commercial code, the introduction of civil governors and district courts as a way of separating the executive from the judicial power, the promotion of Castilian as a common language for all authorities, Spaniards or Indians, the development of infrastructures and the attempts to restrict the power of the religious orders in the political life of the archipelago. This endeared him to those sectors convinced of the need to modernize the administration of the islands, as well as much of the Filipino elite. However, he garnered opposition from supporters of maintaining the status quo on the islands in order to not encourage separatist currents, and especially of religious orders, with whom Terrero had serious clashes that led to his dismissal. In the article thus is reflected the struggle between reformists and anti-reformists and the reaction of Filipinos to those tensions, evidenced in the incidents of Binondo, in the demonstration of March 1888 and in the letters sent to Queen defending the government of Terrero and his collaborators.

Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco de dos proyectos: por un lado, "Le renouveau impérial des États ibériques: une globalisation originale? (1808-1930)", GLOBIBER, financiado por la Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Francia), y por otro, "La modernización de Filipinas, 1868-1898" (HAR2015-66511-P), financiado por el Plan Nacional de Investigación (España)

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Filipinas, Gobernador General de Filipinas, Philippines, Emilio Terrero, Reformismo y modernización de Filipinas, Religius orders, Órdenes Religiosas, Spanish, Reformism modernization, Política colonial española, Colonial policy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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