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pmid: 15492932
handle: 10261/2135
Los patógenos bacterianos intracelulares han evolucionado como un grupo de microorganismos altamente especializados en el secuestro de funciones propias de células eucariotas. Esta revisión discute cómo esos patógenos alteran diversas funciones de la célula hospedadora, tales como la dinámica del citoesqueleto y el tráfico vesicular entre orgánulos. Se describe la alteración del citoesqueleto durante el proceso de entrada (invasión) de la bacteria. Este proceso puede desencadenarse bien por la activación de receptores de la membrana de la célula hospedadora (mecanismo de tipo "cremallera") o por la inyección de proteínas bacterianas en el citosol de la célula hospedaora (mecanismo de tipo “activador”). Se comparan también los dos tipos principales de vida intracelular de estos patógenos: en el citosol o en el interior de vacuolas (vida fagosómica). Ambos son consecuencia de cambios de la ruta clásica de fusión fagosoma-lisosoma. Se aportan algunos ejemplos representativos en los que se conoce el mecanismo de mimetismo o de secuestro de funciones eucarióticas. Por último, se mencionan los avances más recientes en la proteómica del fagosoma y en la expresión de genomas en bacterias intracelulares. Estos nuevos enfoques aportan información valiosa sobre cómo estas bacterias patógenas especializadas manipulan la célula huésped de mamífero.
Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved as a group of microorganisms endowed with weapons to hijack many biological processes of eukaryotic cells. This review discusses how these pathogens perturb diverse host cell functions, such as cytoskeleton dynamics and organelle vesicular trafficking. Alteration of the cytoskeleton is discussed in the context of the bacterial entry process (invasion), which occurs either by activation of membrane-located host receptors ("zipper" mechanism) or by injection of bacterial proteins into the host cell cytosol ("trigger" mechanism). In addition, the two major types of intracellular lifestyles, cytosolic versus intravacuolar phagosomal), which are the consequence of alterations in the phagosome-lysosome maturation route, are compared. Specific examples illustrating known mechanisms of mimicry or hijacking of the host target are provided. Finally, recent advances in phagosome proteomics and genome expression in intracellular bacteria are described. These new technologies are yielding valuable clues as to how these specialized bacterial pathogens manipulate the mammalian host cell.
Research in our laboratory on the Salmonella-eukaryotic cell interaction is supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (BIO2001-0232-C02 and BIO2001-5243-E) and Comunidad de Madrid (08.2/0019/2003). A. Alonso was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Comunidad de Madrid.
Peer reviewed
Cells, invasión celular, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, tráfico vesicular, Hijacking of functions, patógenos bacterianos, bacterial pathogens, secuestro de funciones, Cytoskeleton, Bacteria, cytoskeleton, sequestro de funções, cell invasion, Cell invasion, invasão celular, citoesqueleto, Eukaryotic Cells, vacúolos, Vacuoles, hijacking of functions, vacuolas, Bacterial pathogens, Vesicular trafficking, vacuoles, vesicular trafficking
Cells, invasión celular, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, tráfico vesicular, Hijacking of functions, patógenos bacterianos, bacterial pathogens, secuestro de funciones, Cytoskeleton, Bacteria, cytoskeleton, sequestro de funções, cell invasion, Cell invasion, invasão celular, citoesqueleto, Eukaryotic Cells, vacúolos, Vacuoles, hijacking of functions, vacuolas, Bacterial pathogens, Vesicular trafficking, vacuoles, vesicular trafficking
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